高中学历解放军武警士兵考军校-英语模拟题02

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二、阅读理解(共40分，每小题2分)

Passage 1

In the academic sense, brain drain, which is the action of having highly skilled and educated people leaving their country to work abroad, has become one of the developing countries' concerns. Brain drain is also referred to as human capital flight. More and more third world science and technology educated people are heading for more successful countries seeking higher wages and better working conditions. This has of course serious consequences on the sending countries.

While many people believe that immigration is a personal choice that must be understood and respected, others look at the phenomenon from a different perspective. What makes those educated people leave their countries should be seriously considered and a distinction between push and pull factors must be made. The push factors include low wages and lack of satisfactory working and living conditions. Social unrest, political conflicts and wars may also be determining causes. The pull factors, however, include intellectual freedom and supporting funds for research.

Brain drain has negative impact on the sending countries' economic prospects and competitiveness. It reduces the competitiveness with more number of creative people who can contribute to the development of their country. Likewise, businessmen taking their investments(投资)abroad, developing countries are missing an opportunity of wealth creation. This has also negative consequences on tax revenue and employment.

Most of the measures taken so far have not had any success in reducing the effects of brain drain. A more global view must take into consideration the provision of adequate working and living conditions in the sending countries. Another option should involve encouraging the expatriates(侨民)to contribute their skill to the development of their countries.

16.Brain drain refers to ______.

A. scientists going and working abroad

B. technology workers heading for a better flight

C. skilled and educated people working in other countries

D. educators seeking higher pay and better conditions

17.In paragraph 2, the underlined phrase "push and pull factors" refers to ______.

A. the conditions for people to work in B. the reasons for people to immigrate

C. the phenomena of society D. the different personal choices

18.According to paragraph 3, the sending countries are ______ from brain drain.

A. getting chances to develop

B. losing their competitiveness

C. taking their investments abroad

D. avoiding serious money problem

19.In order to reduce the effects of brain drain, the sending countries should ______.

A. create more opportunities for success

B. provide better pay and living conditions

C. consider personal development a success

D. encourage personal development in home countries

20.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. brain drain is the result of low pay and poor conditions

B. brain drain is a serious problem of developing countries.

C. brain drain is a social phenomenon all over the world.

D. brain drain has negative consequences on the world.