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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
二、Impersonal report structures.非人称转述结构。
转述人们的一般认识或说的话时,我们可以用it+ 动词 (如say,know, believe, claim, suppose, think, fear, predict)被动式结构。
It is said that dolphins are very friendly animals.
It was feared that the plane would crash in to skyscraper.
也可以把有关的人和事放在句首使用这种结构。
Subject+ the passive +infinitive
It was said that the minister had been involved in organized crime.
The minister was said that to have been involved in organized crime.
如果转述的动作发生在转述前用完成不定式。
如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间,可以用一般的动词不定式。
It is claimed that police officers accept bribes. Police officers are claimed to accept bribes.
Get ahead 取得成功,取得进步。
in the absence of 缺乏,不存在。
Take the form /take a form of 以…的形式出现,存在。
Stay dedicated 保持,维持。Stay 是系动词和形容词连用。
stay seated 坐着别动
hold the key to …的关键, be associated with 联系
三、The future 将来时
除了,will/may/might +不带to 的不定式,现在进行时,be going to 结构和一般现在时之外,可以用下列时态和动词将来:
1.Future perfect将来完成时:
用将来完成时谈论在将来某个特定的时间之前完成的活动。
He will have written two books by next summer.
2.Future continuous: 将来进行时
用将来进行时谈论在将来某个特定的时间进行的活动。
I'll be working all evening so I won't be able to see you.
3.Time clause:时间状语从句
在when, as soon as, until, before, 和after 引导时间状语从句中,表示将来的时间时,不用will 用一般现在时。
When you got home, you will receive good news.
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