大专解放军士兵考军校-英语单句解析（4）

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 　反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用"yes"或"no"来进行回答。

　　1) 构成：陈述句+附加问句。由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分, 必须保持人称和时态的一致;反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。

　　如：He is old, isn't he? (他老了不是吗?) / The man went away, didn't he? (那个男人走开了不是吗?) / He isn't old, is he? (他不老是吗?) / He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗?)

　　2) 反意问句的回答：

　　无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循："Yes,+肯定式"或者"No,+否定式"

　　如：The man went away, didn't he?(那人走开了,不是吗?)

　　--Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn't.(不,他没有走。)

　　The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗?)

　　--Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn't.(是呀,他不去。)

　　特殊句型：

　　1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反义疑问句，用will you多表示"请求"，用won't you多表示提醒对方注意。例如：

　　let引导的祈使句有两种情况：①let's---，后的反义疑问句用shall we或shan't we。如：Let's go home, shan't we? 回家吧，好吗?②let us/me--- 后的反义疑问句用will you或won't you。如：let me have a try, won't you?

　　其他祈使句都用will you或won't you回答。

　　2.反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。

　　①Your father is unhappy, isn't he? (不能用is he?)

　　②The man is dishonest, isn't he? (不能用is he?)

　　③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn't it?(不能用is it ?)

　　3.反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom，not,no,nobody,nothing, none, neither等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：

　　①She never tells a lie, does she? (不用doesn't she?)

　　②He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn't he?)

　　4.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分虽然也可用"am not I"，但习惯上用aren't I?表示。如：I am a very honest man, aren't I?

　　5.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We)第一人称 think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：①I think that he has done his best, hasn't he?

　　②We think that English is very useful, isn't it? (不用don't we?)

　　6.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don't think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：①I don't think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)

　　②We don't believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)

　　7.反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：

　　①They all think that English is very important, don't they? (不用isn't it?)

　　②He didn't think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn't/ was it?)

　　8.反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：①They said that you had finished your work, didn't they? (不用hadn't you)

　　②Kate told you that she would go there, didn't she? (不用wouldn't she?)

　　9.陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如：

　　①Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?

　　②Nothing has happened to them, has it?

　　10.陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)，no, none, neither时，问句部分的主语用he或 they(通常用they)，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：①Someone has taken the seat, hasn't he?

　　②Everyone has done his best in the game, haven't they?

　　11.陈述部分为Let me……时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如：Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)

　　12.陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如：Let us stop to rest, will you?

　　13.陈述部分为Let's……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如：Let's go home together, shall we?

　　14.陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求，用won't you?形式表示委婉请求或邀请(即两种情况都可出现，不必遵循前否后肯或前肯后否的原则)。如：

　　①Do sit down, won't you?/ will you? ②You feed the bird today, will you?

　　③Please open the window, will you?(won't you?)

　　15.陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式。如：Don't make any noise, will you?

　　16.陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用be+there(here)?形式。如：

　　①There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there?

　　Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn't here?

　　17.陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn't +主语?形式。

　　①You'd better tell him about the matter, hadn't you?②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn't we?

　　18.陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn't + 主语?或usedn't +主语?形式。

　　①He used to live in the country, didn't he?/usedn't he?

　　②They used to be good friends, didn't they?/usedn't they?

　　19.陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。如：

　　①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn't he? (不用mightn't he?/ hasn't he?)

　　②You must have got up late this morning, didn't you?(不用mustn't you?/haven't you?)

　　20.陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如：

　　①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven't they? (不用mustn't they?)

　　②You must have worked there a year ago, didn't you?(不用mustn't you?/ haven't you?)

　　21.陈述部分的主语为从句时，问句部分的主语一般用it代替，如：

　　①What he said is true, isn't it? (不用didn't he?)

　　②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用won't we?)

　　22.陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用it代替。如：

　　①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?

　　23.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one，反义疑问句的主语可以用one，也可以用you。如：One should be ready to help others, shuldn't one?