2018年军队职称考试——军队职称英语223

　　Cigars Instead?

　　Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.

　　Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

　　In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.

　　The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends." The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

　　"This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.

　　"The data are clear -- the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive."

　　"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is--don't. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner.

　　According to National Cancer Institute press release, there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates and increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke."

　　36. According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day

　　A. increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.

　　B. greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.

　　C. increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.

　　D. greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.

　　37. In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?

　　A. Six.

　　B. Seven.

　　C. Eight.

　　D. Nine.

　　38. What is the main idea of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends"?

　　A. When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.

　　B. Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.

　　C. Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.

　　D. Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.

　　39. What is the doctors' advice to those cigar-smokers?

　　A. To give it up completely.

　　B. To give up part of it.

　　C. Not to think about it any more.

　　D. To cure the diseases first.

　　40. In the context of this passage, "secondhand smoke" may mean

　　A. smoking bad-quality cigars.

　　B. smoking very cheap cigars.

　　C. being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking.

　　D. being near cigar smokers when they are smoking.

    参考答案：

　  36．C。细节题。题干：为什么说他们早晨离开小屋的时间晚了?由第一段可以知道答案“It meant the day would be a hot one，and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice．”可知岩石的状况已经不是很好了，故此题的正确答案为C。

　　37．A。细节题。题干：登山者讨厌斜坡的第一个原因是什么?由原文第二段“First，because it can easily be pushed offon to you by people climbing above．”可以直接得出答案，大意是“首先，因为碎石很容易被在上面攀爬的人推到你身上”，故A为正确选项。

　　38．B。词汇题。题干：“Cailloux”这个词的意思是什么?由第三段后半部分与第四段开头可知这个单词是“石头滑落”的意思。故选B。

　　39．D。细节题。题干：第四段男孩话语中讽刺的是什么?由第四段“‘Why?Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet，’he told US．‘Face in，always face in．”可知，男孩告诫作者在攀岩的时候永远不要把脸朝上，因为“脸上挨石子远比帽子上有石子难受”，所以应“一直把脸埋着”，可知正确答案为D。

　　40．A。细节题。题干：从哪方面来说Toby安全了?由文中第五段“I looked across，he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy ofrock．”可以得出答案。故选A。