2021军队职称英语考试指导：理工类重点词汇精讲资料(10)

不定式
1.单个不定式结构作主语，谓语用单数的形式，但是并列的不定式结构作主语时，谓语应该用复数，如：
To go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学，远离他残忍的父亲。
2.跟在名词后面作定语，如：
the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the first(second...1ast)people to speak第一个(第2个，…最后一个)发育的人
3.跟在be动词的后面作表语，如：
What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing(表语)around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。
4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语
I enjoy talking to you.(宾语)能和你谈话我真高兴。
They dont permit smoking(宾语)in the public places.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。
5.对宾语的性质，特征等进行补充说明，作宾语补足语，如：
We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一(宾语补足语)我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。
在使役动词和感官动词的后面常带不to的不定式结构作宾语补足语：
have(let/make/feel/hear/watch/see/observe)sb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.
6.作状语。不定式结构在句子中通常充当结果状语和目的状语。如：
He spent much time on his studies to be a top student.一(目的状语)为了成为班上的优等生，他在学习上花了很多的时间He came there to find his friends had left.(结果状语)他到了那里结果发现他的朋友已经走了。
7.作为主语补足语，补充说明主语的性质，特征等，如：
He is supposed to come here(主语补足语)tomorrow.他应该明天到这里。
He is said to have great talent for art.(主语补足语)据说他在艺术方面很有才华。
8.常接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree，afford，aim，arrange，appear，ask，attempt，choose，claim，decide，desire，determine.expect，fail，guarantee，hope，endeavor，intend，long，mean，manage，offer，，plan，pledge，pretend，promise，proceed，prove，resolve，refuse，request，swear，tend，try，wait，wish
9.不定式的习惯用法：
句型：cannot choose but docanl help but
can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do
might as wellwould rather
难点解析
1.接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词：
fmean to do想要(做某事)propose to do打算(做某事)
mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建议(做某事)
fforget to do忘记(要做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)
forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember doing记得(已做过的事)
regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾go on to do继而(做另一件事)
regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔go on doing继续(做原来的事)
fstop to do停下来去做另一件事
stop doing停止正在做的事
2.下列动词短语中的to是介词，后面应接动名词或名词：
object to，resort to，react to，contribute to，look forward to，be accustomed to，be committed to.be ex.
posed to，be subjected to，be devoted to，be dedicated to，be opposed to，be reconciled to.be contrary to