备战2021年军队职称英语考试之重点语法精讲（1）

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
被动语态考点聚焦
（一）被动语态的概念：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。
（二）被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。
（三）被动语态的基本用法：
（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me（by my friend）on my birthday.I was given an interesting book（by my friend）on my birthday.
②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to.The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long（by the boss）
③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉"尾巴".The children were taken good care of（by her）。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that…