2020军队职称英语:分析句子好方法
来源:长理培训发布时间:2020-08-16 22:47:13
分析句子结构是对所学语法的综合运用。对句子的结构是否清楚、明白是能否正确解答问题的关键。因此学会如何分析句子对更深刻、准确地理解题意,提高解题能力至关重要。
所谓分析句子就是要剖析句子各个不同成分,并弄清楚他们彼此之间的关系。现对怎样分析句子做一简单介绍。
分析句子的步骤:①先找出句子的谓语动词,并考虑动词的性质,这是能否正确分析句子的关键。
②找出和谓语关系最密切的句子成分一主语。审查两者之间的关系是否一致。
③确认动词性质后,进一步分析动词与其他句子成分的关系。如与宾语、宾语补足语、表语、状语以及与小品词的关系等。
现做具体说明如下:1.谓语动词:谓语动词是句子的核心。任何时态、语态,语气都是由谓语动词表示出来。所以在分析句子时首先要分析谓语动词。
动词有及物动词和不及物动词。根据他们的功能,可以构成下列几种基本句型,①主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构),如:This lesson is very difficult.这课很难。
②主语+不及物动词,如;He has come.他已经来了。
③主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾结构),如,He reads English everyday.他每天读英语。
④主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语或主语牛及物动词+直接宾语+介词(to或for等)+间接宾语,如:His father bought him 9 new bike yesterday.His father bought a new bike for him yesterday,昨天他父亲给他买了一辆新自行车。
⑤主语+及物动词+宾语十宾语补语,如:、We made him our monitor.我们让他当班长。,2.主谓关系:任何简单的句子都有主语和谓语,在分析主谓关系是否一致时,可从三个方面考虑。即语法上的一致,语言内容上的一致和就近一致。
①语法上的一致:指谓语动词的形式要与主语的形式一致。主浯为单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。这个法则符合语法形式上一致的原则。
以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语,动名词短浯或从句做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。以what引起的从句做主语时,在大多数情况下其后面的谓语动词也用单数形式。如:What we have seen is different[rom what we have heard.(what从句作主语,动词用单数)
To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly,(不定式短语作主语)
A great deal of work has been done to improve the people's living standard.-(不可数名词作主语)
用“and,,和”both…and“连接的并列主语,谓语动词多用复数形式,但并列主语如果指同一人、同一事物或同一概念的时候,and后面的名词没有冠词,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Both the man and his wife want to go to the cinema.The poet and writer has come.Bread and butter is daily food in the West.主语是单数后面跟as well as,with,besides,along with,together with等,谓语动词仍用单数,如:The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.My sister,together with Jane and James,is gone.一些有复数的名词,例如clothes.scissors,trousers,scales,spectacles等,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但如在成双的东西的名词前面有apairo{时,其谓语动词用单数。如:My trousers are being mended.This pair of scissors belongs to me.有些词尾有”s“的学科名称,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Mathematics is taught here.。
②语言内容上的一致:主要指从意义上考虑主谓一致的问题。主语形式上为单数,但意义上为复数,谓语动词要用复数形式;主语形式上是复数,但意义上为单数,谓语动词用单数形式。
One hundred tons of water were used last week.(强调数量)
Ten minutes is enough.(强调整体)
News is travelling fast nowadays.This glass works was built in 1985.有复数意义的名词,如:police,militia,people,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are trying to catch the thief who has stolen a bike.Cattle feed on grass.有些集合名词,如;family,group,crowd,class,audience,government,committee.说话人把它们所表示的人或事当做整体看时,作单数看待,谓语动词用单数形式;说话者把它们表示的人或事物当做若干个体来看时,作复数看待,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:My family is large.My family are anxious about his safety.③就近一致:由并列连词如:whether.……or,not only.……but also,either.……or,neither.……nor,or连接的并列主语,谓语动词与其最近的主语保持一致。如:Either his friends or his brother is wrong.Either his brother or his friends are wrong.Not only you but also he is wrong.Not only he but also you are wrong.
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