2020军队职称英语综合类AB级模拟试题一(13)

第3篇
1．D．问题句说“根据文章的说法，巴西通过...减少人口增长？”，问题句中没有特征词以及细节信息词出现，因此利用问题句中的核心词语（Brazil,population growth,cut back）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：“Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing（与“cut back”词义相近）population growth but more by accident than design.”该句说“巴西的人口增长得了控制，这纯粹是出于偶然，而不是由于巴西的精心设计”。by accident与by chance同义。
2.C.问题句说“根据文章相关内容，许多第三世界国家...”，从句意来看，该问题与文章中具体细节相关，属于细节题。利用问题句中的特征词Third World countries作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design.While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates,Brazil had better result without really trying,says Georgy Martine at Harvard.
Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99%a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93%a year between 1981 and 1990,and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average.Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990,an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
答案相关句（划线句）说“Martine说这个数字在1990以后进一步下降，这是一个许多第三世界国家都感到嫉妒的成绩”，显然这个句子与问题与被选项都没有直接的关系。文章第一段中出现了“countries such as India”（与“Third World countries/第三世界国家”呼应），该句说“第三四节国家作了很大的努力，但成绩却不如没做什么努力的巴西”，由此可推断出“许多第三世界国家还没有找到有效的手段来控制人口增长”。
3．A．本题测试点：词义推断题。根据“put it down to”所在的上下文判断：it指代“巴西在控制人口方面所取得的骄人成绩”，下文中提到“电视剧，分期付款在控制人口出生率上起着重要的作用”，因此只有选项A（归因于）放入原文才句意通顺。
4．B．问题句说“肥皂剧有助于巴西降低人口增长，其原因是...”。从句意来看，该问题与文章中具体细节相关，属于细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息词Soap operas作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
Martine puts it down to,among other things,soap operas(通俗电视连续剧)and installment(分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s.Both played an important,although indirect,role in lowering the birth rate.Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas.Global,Brazil’s most popular television network shows three hours of soaps six nights a week,while three others show at least one hour a night.Most soap operas are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.
“Although they（指代soap operas）have never really tried to work in a massage towards the problems of reproduction,they describe middle and upper class values?not many children,different attitudes towards sex,women working,says Martine.”They（指代soap operas）sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values,which were put into a very attractive package.”
划线句是直接答案相关句，这两个句子说“尽管这些肥皂剧从来无意干涉人口繁殖，它们只是描写了中上层阶级的生活价值观?少生孩子，独特的性别观念，妇女在外工作。肥皂剧传播着这些信息，使人们逐渐认识，理解了另一种生活方式，人生观。这种生活方式，人生观队他们极有吸引力。”因此B是答案。
5．B．问题句说“Martine对巴西人口增长得出的结论是...”。顺着上一题在文章中的答案位置往下查找答案相关句，同时利用特征词Martine作为答案线索：
Meanwhile,the installment plans tried to encourage the poor the become consumers.“This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible（不相容的）with unlimited reproduction.”says Martine.
答案相关句（划线句）说“这就导致了消费方式的巨大变革，而无限制生育与消费是互不相容的”，该句句意与B（对消费的渴望有助于减少出生率）一致。