2020军队职称英语理工类AB级模拟试题一(11)

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
第1篇
1．D．细节题。利用被选项中的细节信息结构（A：working manner;B:eating habit;C:life style;D:genes）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat（选项B中eating的家族词汇）．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes（基因），not your life habits（习惯），determine your weight（问题句中的核心结构）and your body constantly（不断地，经常地）tries to maintain（保持，维修，主张）it.
答案相关句说：你的基因而不是你的生活习惯决定了你的体重，因此你的身体总是试图保持它。因此D是答案。
2.D。细节题。利用问题句中的特征词(Jules Hirsch)，被选项中的共有结构（eight fat people）及被选相中的一些细节信息词及特征结构（A:supper;B:breakfast;C:every morning and evening;D:liquid formula,600 calories）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective,but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research（研究）physician（医生）at Rockefeller University,did a study（研究）of eight fat people．They were given（被给）a liquid formula（流食配方）providing 600 calories a day1.After more than（超过）10 weeks，the subjects(研究对象)lost 45kg on average（平均）．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
答案相关句说“八个肥胖者被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡”，因此D是答案。
3．C．细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息结构（eight fat people，hospital）及被选项中的细节信息结构（C：normal weight;D:suicide）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第3段）How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．（第２题答案相关句）Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than（超过）10 weeks，the subjects（研究对象，主题，学科，受...影响的）lost（失去，输（比赛））45kg（4.5公斤？？？）on average（平均）.（第4句）But after leaving the hospital，they all regained（恢复）．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal（是选项D中的细节信息词的家族词汇）．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight（选项C中的细节信息词），but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
（第4段）Thin people，however,suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got（说服）prisoners（犯人）to volunteer to（自愿...）gain weight(增肥，体重增加)．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But（但是）months after the study ended（结束），they were back to（恢复到）normal（正常的）weight and stayed停留在那里there.
根据第3段中答案相关句的内容判断：这八个肥胖者出院后都恢复到了正常的体重。
4．B．细节题。利用问题句中的特征词（Ethan Sims）及被选项中的细节信息结构（A：genetic（遗传的）inheritance；B：Increase（增加）their weight；C：Stay（逗留，保持）at home；D：Lower（降低）their weight）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第4段）Thin people，however,suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims（问题句中的特征词），of the University of Vermont，got（说服，使,变成，获得）prisoners（犯人）to volunteer to（自愿）gain weight（与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应）．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could（尽可能地...）．They succeeded in（成功地）increasing their weight（与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应）by（了）20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
（第5段）This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance（选项A中的细节信息结构）if they want to significantly lower their weight（与选项D中的细节信息结构呼应）．
第4段中的答案相关句说：让犯人自愿增加体重。可见B是正确的答案。
5．A．细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息词（Scientists）和备选项A和备选项B中的共有词（weight range）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第4段）Thin people，however,suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．（第4题答案相关句）Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight．
The findings（发现）also provide（提供）evidence（证据，迹象）for something scientists（科学家）thought was true（正确的，真实的，忠诚的）---each person has a comfortable（舒适的）weight range.The range might be as much as（大约）9kg．Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort.But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult．The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．
答案相关句（最后一段的第一句话）说：结论还证实了科学家认为是正确的一点，即每个人的体重有大约9公斤的一个固定范围．因此A是答案。
第2篇
1．C．1．C．利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（black hole,tear apart,nuclear explosion,size）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
Scientists（科学家）have long（长期地）understood（理解，认为）that supermasvive（特大质量的）black holes weighing（重）millions（数百万）or billions（数亿）of suns（太阳）can tear apart stars that come too close(与选项A内容一致).The black hole’s gravity（重力）pulls（一直拉）harder（强烈地）on the neatest（最近的）part of the star,an imbalance（不平衡的力量）that pulls（拉裂）the star apart over a period（期间）of minutes or hours,once（一旦）it gets close（接近的）enough（足够）.
Scientists say this uneven（不均匀的）pulling（拉力）is not the only hazard（危险）facing（面对）the star.The strain(拉力)of these unbalanced（不平衡的）forces（力量）can also trigger（引发）a nuclear explosion powerful（强大的）enough（足够）to destroy（毁灭）the star from within（里面）（与选项B内容一致）.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire of the Paris in Meudon,France,carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life,as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.
The devouring（吞灭，毁灭）of stars by（被）black holes（与选项D内容一致）may already have been observed,although at a much later stage.It is though that several months after the event that rips the star apart,its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats up as it does so,releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
选项A，B和D均在文章中有相呼应的内容，因此答案是C。
2．A．利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（researchers,nuclear reaction,density and temperature,shock waves）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第3段）When the star gets close enough,the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape.Some（一些）previous（以前的）studies（研究）had suggested（表明）this flattening（夷平）would increase（增加）the density（密度）and temperature（温度）inside（在...里面）the star enough（足够）to trigger（引发）intense（强烈的）nuclear reactions（核反应）that would tear it apart.But(考点提示词)other（其他的）studies（research的近义词）had suggested（表明）that the picture（图片，照片）would be complicated（复杂的）by shock waves（冲击波）generated（产生）during（在...期间）the flattening（夷平）process（过程）and that no nuclear explosion（核爆炸/与“核反应”词义相关）should occur（发生）（该句内容暗示可能选项A是答案）.
该段中的第2句和第3句直接与问题相关，这两种研究的焦点在于是否会引发核爆炸，因此A是答案。
3．D．利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（nuclear explosion,matter,devour）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail,and fund that even when their effects are included,the conditions favor a nuclear explosion.“There will be an explosion of the star.It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says.Although（尽管）the explosion（爆炸）obliterates（除去，毁灭）the star,it saves（挽救）some of the star’s matter（物质）from（防止）being devoured（吞灭）by the black hole（该句内容与D不一致）.The explosion(爆炸)is powerful(强大的)enough（足够）to hurl（扔/throw的近义词）much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach,he says.（该句内容与选项C内容一致）
选项D的说法与文章中相关内容（该段倒数第2句）不一致。
4．C．利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（several months after the explosion of the star,matter）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail,and fund that even when their effects are included,the conditions favor a nuclear explosion.“There will be an explosion of the star.It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says.（第3题答案相关句）Although the explosion obliterates the star,it saves some of the start’s matter from being devoured by the black hole.The explosion is power enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black holes’s reach,he says.
（第5段）The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed,although at a much later stage.It is thought（认为）that several months after the event（事件）that rips（撕）the star apart（分离）(问题句中时间状语结构的近义结构),its matter（物质）starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats up as it does so,releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
答案相关句在第5段，根据该句中的用词可直接判断C是答案。
5．B。找到disruption在所在的语句，其在句子中的搭配结构是“...恒星”,文章主题涉及恒星的毁灭，因此B最可能是答案。
If stars disrupted near（在...附近）black holes really（真正地）do（的确）explode（爆炸）,then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage,says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York,US.“It may make it possible（可能的）to see the disruption of that star immediately（立刻）if（如果）it gets hot enough.”