2020军队职称英语理工类AB级完型填空模拟试题(3)

Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water.Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their __1__ into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can __2__ wildlife.Piles of them?the __3__ takes centuries to decompose?show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis __4__ you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers __5__ distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland’s capital.Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags __6__ recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that __7__ bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more __8__ to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is __9__ accepted.Everyone in this __10__ is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are __11__,and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis’s mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive __12__ would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers __13__ bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more __14__ if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter.A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the __15__.
1.A.track B.path C.way D.road
2.A.harm B.help C.keep D.nurture
3.A.element B.mixture C.matter D.material
4.A.or B.and C.but D.so
5.A.from B.at C.out of D.into
6.A.made out B.made up C.made of D.made into
7.A.cloth B.paper C.plastic D.synthetic
8.A.land B.resources C.oxygen D.water
9.A.on the contrary B.at any rate
C.far from D.by contrast
10.A.competition B.fight C.quarrel D.debate
11.A.durable B.useful C.wasteful D.necessary
12.A.alternative B.mission C.project D.invention
13.A.when B.who C.whom D.what
14.A.effective B.disliked C.expensive D.useless
15.A.suggestion B.statement C.reply D.answer
答案与解析：
1．分析文章主题：
Paper(纸，报纸，论文，文件，纸的)or(还是，或者，即)plastic（塑料，塑料制品，塑料的）?
文章开头的句子：Take a walk（散步）along（沿着）the Chesapeake Bay(海湾),and you are likely to(可能)see plastic bags floating（漂浮）in the water.
推测文章主题：使用塑料袋还是使用纸袋
文章主题词：
Paper,plastic
2.直接解题：
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water.
1.A.track（轨迹，路，追踪）B.path（小路，路线，轨道）
C.way（路，路线，道路，方法）D.road（路，道路）
2.A.harm（伤害，损害）B.help（帮助）
C.keep（保持，保存）D.nurture(养育，教育)
Ever since（自从）these now（现在）ubiquitous（到处存在的）symbols（符号，记号）of American（美国的）super-consumption（过度消费）showed up(显露)in the supermarkets（超市）,plastic（塑料的）shopping bags（购物袋）have made their __1__ into local（当地的）waterways（水道）,and from there（那里）,into the bay（海湾）,where they can __2__ wildlife(野生动植物).代词的确定
1.C.make way into(进入)是固定搭配结构。
2．A．前文说塑料袋在河面上漂浮，然后顺着水流漂到海湾。在海湾那儿，塑料袋对wildlife会产生什么影响呢？众所周知，塑料袋污染环境，伤害野生动植物，所以在四个选项中只有harm合适。
3.A.element（元素，成分）B.mixture（混合物）
C.matter（事件，问题，物质，要紧）D.material（材料，原料）
Piles of（成堆的）them?the __3__ takes（花费）centuries（数个世纪）to decompose（分解）?show up in landfills（垃圾）and on city streets（街道）.
3．D．“空3”所在的句子是一个插入句，起说明作用，说明them（指代plastic bags）要经过几百年才会分解。填入“空3”的词是一个概括词，在四个选项中只有material最合适。
Plastic bags also take（需要）an environmental（环境的）toll（费用，代价）in the form of（以...的形式）millions of（数百万的）barrels（桶）of oil expended(被花费)every year（每年）to produce（生产）them.
4.A.or（或者，还是）B.and（和，与）
C.but（但是，除了...以外）D.so（因此，所以，如此）
Enter（走进，进入）Annapolis __4__ you will see（看见）plastic bags distributed free（被免费发放）in department stores(百货商店)and supermarkets.
4．B．“命令句+and+陈述句”是常用句型，这个句型中，命令句和陈述句之间只能用and连接。
5.A.from B.at C.out of D.into
Alderman（市议员）Sam Shropshire has introduced（介绍，引入）a well-meaning（有意义的，好心的）proposal（提议）to ban（禁止，禁令）retailers（零售商）__5__ distributing（分发）plastic shopping bags in Maryland（马里兰）’s capital（首府）.
5．A．动词ban(禁止)还有prevent,protect,keep,stop等，要求后接介词from。From后面的词是禁止的内容。
prevent...from.../防止...遭受到...(的损害)
protect...from.../保护...防止其遭受到...(的损害)
keep...from.../阻止...
stop...from.../阻止...
6.A.made out(填写，理解，辨认出)B.made up（弥补，虚构，化妆）
C.made of（由...制成）D.made into（把...制成...）
Instead（相反地）,retailers(零售商)would be required to（将被要求）offer（提供）bags __6__ recycled paper（再生纸）and to sell（销售）reusable（可再度使用的）bags.
6．C.从上下文分析，bags和recycled paper之间缺失的词应该是选项C的made of(用...制作)。Offer bags made of recycled paper含义为“提供再生用纸制作的纸袋”。
The city of Baltimore（巴尔的摩市）is considering（考虑）a similar（类似的）measure（方法，测量）.
7.A.cloth（布）B.paper C.plastic D.synthetic（合成的，人造的）
8.A.land（土地，陆地，登陆）B.resources（资源）
C.oxygen（氧气）D.water（水）
Opponents（反对者）of the idea（观点，想法）,however（然而）,argue（争论说）that __7__ bags are harmful（有害的）,too（也，太）:they cost（花费）more to make（制造，成为，构成）,they consume（消耗）more __8__ to transport（运输）,and recycling（再循环使用）them causes（造成，原因）more pollution（污染）than recycling循环使用plastic.
7．B．安纳波利斯的市议员Sam Shrophire主张采用纸袋替代塑料袋，马里兰州也打算仿效。“空7”所在的句子中出现opponents和harmful too，可以推断，他们反对改用纸袋，他们认为纸袋也有害。所以空格处应该填入paper.
8.B。在“they(指代paper bags)consume more __?__ to transport”句子中，该填入什么呢？运输纸袋要消耗什么呢？消耗resources(资源)是合适的答案。
9.A.on the contrary（相反）B.at any rate（无论如何）
C.far from（远远没有，远非）D.by contrast（形成对比）
The argument for（支持...的观点）depriving Annapolis residents（居民）of（剥夺某人/某物...）their plastic bags is __9__ accepted（被接受）.
9．C.前文说人们在用塑料袋还是用纸袋这个问题上争论不休。按照上下文的意思，改用纸袋不会被一致接受(accepted），所以。空格8填的词应该是表达否定含义的词，因此选项C(far from/远远没有)是答案。
10.A.competition（竞争，竞赛）B.fight（打架，战斗）
C.quarrel（吵架）D.debate（争论，辩论）（argument）
11.A.durable(耐用的，持久的)B.useful（有用的）
C.wasteful（浪费的）D.necessary（必需的，必然的）
Everyone（每个人）in this __10__ is right about one thing:disposable(一次性的)shopping bags of any type are __11__,and the best outcome（结果）would be for customers to reuse bags instead（代替，取而代之）.
10．D．从“空格10”所在的句子分析，用塑料袋还是用纸袋的这场争论两家各对一部份。将这场争论说成是competition(竞争)，fight(打斗)或quarrel（争吵）都不符合事实。
11．C．“空11”所在的句子想要表达的意思很清楚，用任何材料制成的一次性购物袋都不好，取而代之的最好方法是到超级市场的顾客能自备能重复使用的购物袋。因此本句缺失的是一个贬义词，因此wasteful是答案。
Annapolis’s mayor is investigating（正在调查）how to hand out（分发）free（自由的，免费的）,reusable（可一再度使用的）shopping bags to city residents（居民）,a proposal（提议，建议）that can proceed(继续下去)regardless of whether other bags are banned(被禁止).
12.A.alternative(可供选择的办法，选择性的)B.mission（任务）
C.project（计划，使突出）D.invention（发明）
13.A.when B.who C.whom D.what
A less-expensive（不太昂贵的）__12__ would be to encourage（鼓励）retailers（零售商）to give discounts(折扣)to customers（顾客）__13__ bring(带来，引起)their own(自己的),reusable bags,a policy（政策，方针）that a spokesman（发言人）for the supermarket Giant（巨人，庞大的）Food（食物）says its chain（链条，一连串，连锁店）already（已经）has in place（在合适位置上）.
12．A．上一句说安纳波利斯市长正在调查如何向市民分发能重复使用的购物袋。这个代价自然很高。“空12”所在的句子说，如果哪个顾客自备能重复使用的购物袋来超市购物，超市就给他一些优惠。与市长的方案相比，这是一个较为省钱的办法。一查四个选项，只有选项A alternative(可供选择的办法)是最合适的。
13．B．本句说“谁自备可重复使用的购物袋，就给谁优惠”，所以，customers之后一定时一个定语从句，限定哪一种顾客可以得到优惠。在四个选项中只能选择B。
14.A.effective（有效的，给人印象深刻的）B.disliked（不喜欢）
C.expensive（昂贵的）D.useless（无用的）
And this policy would be more __14__ if stores(商店)imitated（模仿）furniture（家具）mega-retailer（超大零售商）Ikea（宜家）and charged（收费，指控，充电）for因为disposable（一次性的）bags at the checkout counter(收款台).
14．A．这个句子的意思是，宜家对购物袋收费，其他超市也应该效仿，所以would be后面接的形容词应该是褒义的，四个选项中只有A（effective/有效的）合适。
15.A.suggestion（建议，暗示）B.statement（声明，陈述）
C.reply（答复，回答）D.answer（答案，回答）
A broad(广泛的)ban on(禁止...)the use(使用)of plastic shopping bags,which would merely（仅仅）replace（代替）some（一些的）forms（形式，形状，形成）of pollution（污染）with others,is not the __15__.
15．D．“空15”所在的句子要表达的意思是“禁止使用塑料袋会导致用另一种污染来代替塑料污染，这不是解决问题的办法。”按照这个思路去选择答案，必定会选择D（answer）。