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省略:
1)省略是为了避免重复,保持语言简洁的一种语法手段。尤其是在口语中,省略是个普遍现象,例如:
I have heard of the news.So have I.
He didn't go to the concert yesterday.Neither did I.
想一下,为什么以上句子的应答部分要采用"倒装"形式?(见上一节"倒装")
此外,此类省略形式的要注意的一个问题是:前后时态要一致。
2)就职称考试而言,大家要特别注意由when,while,whether,if,unless,although等引出的状语从句中的省略现象,比较:
不省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when he was crossing the street.
省略:The youngboy was badly injured by a motorcycle when crossing the street.
(那个小男孩在穿越马路时被一辆摩托车严重撞伤。)
不省略:If irrigation is not well managed,it can be harmful.
省略:If not well managed,irrigation may be harmful.
(如果管理不当,灌溉也可能会造成损害。)
从以上两个例子可以归纳出此类从句的省略基本规则:
只有当主句和从句的主语相同时才能采用省略形式,省略时将从句的主语连同be动词(若有)一起省略;
如果句子主语与从句的动词是主动关系,采用-ing形式;如果句子主语与从句的动词是被动关系,采用-ed形式;
根据以上规则,确定以下题目的正确答案:
If ______ a hot bath before sleep,a day's tiredness will soon vanish.(睡前洗个热水澡,一天的疲劳很快就会消失。)
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解题思路:由于该句主句的主语是"a day's tiredness",不可能发出"take a hot bath"的行为,故不能采用省略,答案应为D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary,possible,convenient,important,applicable 等结构时,则省去 "it is",只保留 necessary,possible,convenient,important,applicable等,这是习惯,例如:
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意:英语中一般不能说:you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等,例如不能说: Take this medicine when you are necessary,或Come when you are convenient.(应说:Come when it is convenient to you.)
3)what,when,whether,how等 + to do (be) 的省略形式,例如:
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do.
(你已经是大学生了,应该知道什么该做,什么不该做。)
The train leaves at midnight,but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
(火车半夜出发,但是目前我们还没有决定是否出行。)
但是:why (not) do,中间不用 "to" 连接,例如:
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?(干吗不去老师那儿请求帮助?)
责编:涂宏艳
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