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2020年军队职称英语考试:语法讲解why、whose

来源:长理培训发布时间:2020-06-01 22:11:00

另一个关系副词是why,由于它固定与the reason搭配, 即: the reason why,不难理解,一般也不作为考试的重点。例如:

  This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man. 这就是(为什么)电子计算机不能完全代替人的原因。

  whose (= of which / whom):做先行词(不管是人还是物)的定语,汉语为"…的",不要考虑是否是限制性或非限制性定语从句, 例如:

  Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high. (理论上也可以写成:Pay attention to that boy the temperature of whom is very high. 注意那个男孩,他的体温很高。(非限制性) / 注意那个体温很高的男孩。(限制性)

  介词 + which (whom)

  先看两个句子:

  This is the house. He has lived in the house for over 30 years.

  变为↓定语从句

  This is the house in which he has lived for over 30 years.

  上述句子中,先行词在从句中充当介词宾语,形成"介词 + which / whom"的形式,考试时要求作出1)要不要介词;2)若要,使用什么介词的判断。由于英语中介词搭配多为习惯用法,没有多少规律可循,因此这是定语从句考试的一个难点。

  记住四个字:瞻前顾后

  瞻前:先看看先行词一般与什么介词搭配,例如:

  There are occasions _____ which joking is not permissible.

  → Joking is not permissible _____ (certain) occasions.

  常与occasion搭配的介词是什么?on, 即:

  Joking is not permissible on (certain) occasions. (有的场合是不容许开玩笑的。)

  ↓

  There are occasions on which joking is not permissible.

  顾后:看看谓语动词常与什么介词搭配,例如:

  This car, ____ which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.

  → I paid a lot of money ______ this car.

  Pay (money) for something 是一个固定的搭配,因此应填介词 "for"

  当A、B、C、D中出现 " 介词 + which / whom" 选项时,而你又确实看不懂时,应倾向于选择" 介词 + which / whom"的形式,例如:

  The two elements _____ water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen.

  A. that

  B. which

  C. with which

  D. of which

  倾向选择C、D;正确答案D,"be made of "(由…组成):

  The two elements are gases (oxygen and hydrogen).

  Water is made of the two elements.

  两个句子一合并,便是该句选择。

  (四)其他应注意的确问题:

  (1) 同位语从句只能用"that"连接

  常见的同位语先行词有:fact(事实), possibility(可能), idea(想法), belief(相信), doubt(疑问), news(消息), order(命令), promise(承诺), evidence(证据), suggestion(建议)等,例如:

  Is there any possibility that all the villagers can send their children to school?(有没有这种可能,所有村民都能送他们的孩子上学?)

  There can be no doubt that he is a qualified doctor.(毫无疑问,他是个合格的医生。)

  (2) "as" 也可以做关系代词用于连接定语从句,特别是在"such…as…", "the same as…" 以及"正如…"的结构中,例如:

  I have never seen a thing as he described. (我从未见过他所描述的那种事。)

  As was expected, the performance was a great success. (正如所料,演出获得了巨大成功。)

  把该句理解为:The performance was a great success, which was expected,就比较容易理解as的这种用法。

  将定语从句的连接用三句话归纳一下:

  ↗ 人用who / whom

  (1)先行词在从句中当主、宾、表语 →定语用whose

  ↘ 物用that (= which)/ 非限制用which

  ↗地点状语用:where

  (2)先行词在从句中当 →原因状语(reason)用:why

  ↘ 时间状语用:when

  (3)介词 + which / whom结构:瞻前顾后

责编:涂宏艳

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