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2020年军队职称英语考试:语法讲解(9)

来源:长理培训发布时间:2020-05-31 22:22:44

 例如:

  The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.

  A.three times as much as B.as three times much as

  C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as

  解题思路:B、C违反了上述句型规定,A、D的区别是size(大小 / 尺寸)是与much搭配还是与big搭配,D是对的。

  (2) 比较级:more …than…

  注意:

  1) 比较形式是否正确,如是否有类似"more better"这样重复比较的错误;

  2)两者之间是比较级,三者以上是最高级,看看是"两者"还是"三者或三者以上;

  3)只有同类的人或物才能比较(可比性);比较不能包括"自己", 常用other表示排除。

  例如不能说:

  He is taller than any students in this class.

  而应说:

  He is taller than any other student(s) in this class.

  4)修饰比较级的词有:much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等,例如:

  John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse (than John did).

  你能看出下句的问题吗?

  His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher. ( 他是个公共汽车司机,他的工资要比教师高。)

  该句有两个大错1)high的比较级为higher,2)主语his salary(他的工资)而比较对象是a teacher,两者不可比,怎样的表达才是对的呢?请选择:

  His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.

  A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher

  C.than a teacher's D.than that of a teacher's

  正确答案是C,也可以写成than that of a teacher(请联系名词格的概念想一想)

  最高级the most of +比较范围 / 最高级+名词+that (不是which)定语从句,例如:

  This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. (这是我看过的最有趣的电影。)

  the more…the more…

  The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them. (眼镜戴的时间越长越有依赖性。)

  考试时,一般只要认准"the" 和比较级形式就不难判别。

  其他表示比较意思的形式

  A is superior / inferior to B(A 比B高级 / 低级)

  注意:superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.

  例如:

  Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.(人比动物高级在于人能用语言进行交际。)

  prefer… rather than (宁可…而不…)

  例如:

  I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there. (我宁可呆在外面受冷,也不在那儿过夜。)

  Would rather…than… ……(用法和意思与上句型差不多)

  6) 地点状语从句:

  主要连接词:where / wherever / everywhere

  注意地点状语从句中where与定语从句中关系副词where的区别与联系:

  Put the book where it is. (把书放好,即"把书放在该放的地方。)

  Put the book in the place where it is.

  以上两个句子的意思是一样的,第一个句子是"地点状语从句",第二个句子是"定语从句"(详见"第四讲"),where作关系副词修饰the place

  7) 方式状语从句:

  as按时(正如…/ 就象…)

  Air is to man as water is to fish.

  要点:不要把as 与like 混淆,like是介词,不是连接词, 如不能说:All plants need air like they need water,应为:All plants need air as they need water. (所有的植物需要空气,正如他们需要水一样。)

  as if / as though(好象…)可以是真实的,也可以是"虚拟"的,如:

  The meat tastes as if (though) it has already gone bad.(这肉吃起来好象变质了。—— 确实坏了)

  He speaks English as though (if) he were an Englishman. (他说起英语来好象英国人。—— 他不是英国人,动词用的是were)

  8)目的 / 结果状语从句

  目的状语从句:

  so that / in order that

  lest / for fear that (惟恐… / 一以免…) 注意:该句型一般使用"should型"虚拟式(见"第六讲")

  结果状语从句:

  so…that / such…that…/ so that / that / so

  The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him. (这位教授讲话很快,我们感到很难理解他讲话的意思。要点:so + 形容词或副词)

  He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly. (他给了我很好的建议,因此我顺利地完成了任务。要点:such + 名词)

  The film was such that everyone was deeply moved. (这部电影如此精彩,每个观众都被深深打动了。要点:such在这里做代词,可以理解为:The film is such a good film that…)

  顺便提一下,"…,only to do…" 虽不属于从句,但是是一个重要的表 (意想不到的) 结果的句型,请记住, 例如:

  For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day. (为这个决定我们几乎等了三个小时,可结果被告知第二天返回。)

  从考试角度看,状语从句的重点是:时间、原因、条件、让步和比较

  注:如前所述,本讲座不是经典语法书,有些讲法从广义上说是不完整的,甚至是不确切的,如:"逗号","不能连接两个句子"的提法,但这些概念对于理解英语的某些语法现象,特别是解题是实用的。"相信我,没错的".

责编:涂宏艳

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