2020年军队职称英语考试《综合类》概括大意专项小测第六套

来源：长理培训发布时间：2020-05-19 14:18:40

　　Adult Education

　　Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling， get new skills or job training， find out about new technological developments， seek better self-understanding， or develop new talents and skills.

　　This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries， correspondence course， or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges， study groups， workshops， clubs， and professional associations.

　　Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place： people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.

　　The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s， with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.

　　People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example， parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work of even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

　　1. Paragraph 2__________.

　　2. Paragraph 3__________.

　　3. Paragraph 4__________.

　　4. Paragraph 5__________.

　　A Necessity for developing adult education

　　B Early days of adult education

　　C Ways of receiving adult education

　　D Growth of adult education

　　E Institutions of adult education

　　F Definition of adult education

　　5. Some adults want to learn _______________.

　　6.There are various forms of adult education， including ___________.

　　7. Adult education has been made necessary ___________.

　　8. The earliest organized adult education _______________.

　　A by social and economic changes

　　B guided self-study and correspondence courses

　　C by studying together with children

　　D what they did not manage to learn earlier

　　E dates back to the eighteenth century

　　F mass production

　　参考答案：CABDDBAE

　　Volts from the Sky

　　Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago， many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.

　　Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds， though processes are still not fully understood. Typically， positive charges build at the cloud top， while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning， the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground s surfaces， making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.

　　A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough， it breaks through the insulating barrier of air， and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.

　　Lightning can occur within a cloud， between clouds， or between clouds and the ground. The first variety， intra-cloud lightning， is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning， making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges， is what we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms， including sheet， ribbon， and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet， hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds， they can shift the lightning channel sideways， so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning， the rarest and most mysterious form， derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point， moves horizontally， and lasts for several seconds.

　　Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge can reach as high as 50，000°F within thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion， generating shock waves we hear as thunder.

　　About 2，000 thunderstorms are occurring in the world at any time， generating about 100 lighting strikes every second， or 8 million daily. Within the United States， lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year， or about 22，000 per day. You have a 1-in-600，000 chance of bring struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually.

　　You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang， and then dividing by five. This approximates the mileage.

　　1. Paragraphs 2 and 3

　　2. Paragraph 4

　　3. Paragraph 5

　　4. Paragraph 6

　　A Cloud-to-ground lightning occurring in the U.S.

　　B Types of lightning

　　C Cause of lightning

　　D Differences between thunder and thunderstorm

　　E Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the U.S.

　　F Shock waves as thunder

　　5. In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning， the ground s surface …

　　6. One form of lightning that … is ball lightning …