2020年军队职称英语考试《卫生类》补全短文复习题第三套

　　The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are china's fundamental economic problems. the classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of china’s modern history is ____(1)____,which has been growing steadily.

　　today,although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the gross national product,it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of population.

　　agriculture also _____(2)____ because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. the failure of agriculture to supply raw material and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950's,after 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture,and the slogan "agriculture is the foundation of the economy" has remained a central chinese economic policy ever since.

　　___(3)___,there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. many of china's exports are ___(4)___ or consumer goods based on them. flourishing agriculture,therefore,promotes exports. it also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton,therefore __(5)___.

　　练习：

　　A.determines the progress of industry

　　B.the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population

　　C.either agricultural raw materials

　　D.enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry

　　E.in addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry

　　F.thus promoting both import and export

　　key ：BAFCD

　　Supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines,that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way.as a method,supermarket retailing features several related product lines,a high degree of self-service,largely centralized checkout,and competitive prices.the supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise,____(1)____.

　　the term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field.most supermarkets emphasize price.some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers.other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage.since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins,they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.

　　supermarkets originates in the early 1930s.they were established by independents ____(2)____.supermarkets were an immediate success,and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores.in recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.

　　today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing.however,different names are used to distinguish these institutions ____(3)____:

　　a superstore is a larger version of the supermarket.it offers more grocery and nonfood items ____(4)____.many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.

　　combination stores are usually even larger than superstore.they,too,offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore.some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as kroger and sav-on.

　　for many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors.for example,a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores,gourmet shops,meat and fish markets,and convenience stores)。 supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures ____(5)____:some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services.others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores),groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group,for example),and various service departments (including video rentals,restaurants,delicatessens,financial institutions,and pharmacies).

　　A.by size and assortment

　　B.than a conventional supermarket does

　　C.including building materials,office products,and,of course,groceries

　　D.attracting more customers with their low prices

　　E.primarily in either of two ways

　　F.to compete with grocery chains

　　keys：CFABE

　　albert einstein,whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe,was chosen as "person of the century" by time magazine on sunday.

　　a man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius,einstein has come to represent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.

　　"the world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history.the reason is not political or economic,but technological-technologies_(2)_," wrote theoretical physicist stephen hawking in a time essay explaining einsteins significance."clearly,no scientist better represents those advances than albert einstein."

　　time chose as runner-up president franklin roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism,and mahatma gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.

　　"what we saw franklin roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism,gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights,and einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances_(3)_," said time magazine editor walter isaacson.

　　einstein was born in ulm,germany in 1879.in his early years,einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.he was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school.he could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.

　　in1905,however,he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history.in his "special theory of relativity,"einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.everything else-mass,weight,space,even time itself-is a variable.and he offered the world his now-famous equation:energy equals mass times the speed of light squared-e=mc2.

　　"indirectly,relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality,art and politics," isaacson wrote in an essay___(4)____."there was less faith in absolutes,not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."

　　einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons.in1939,six years after he fled european fascism and settled at princeton university,einstein,an avowed pacifist,signed a letter to president roosevelt urging the united states to develop an atomic bomb before nazi germany did.roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "manhattan project"_(5)_.einstein did not work on the project.

　　einstein died in princeton,new jersey in 1955.

　　A.explaining times choices

　　B.how he thought of the relativity theory

　　C.more than any other person

　　D.that secretly developed the first atomic weapon

　　E.that flowed directly from advances in basic science

　　F.that helped expand the growth of freedom

　　key：CEFAD