2020年军队职称英语考试《综合类A》补全短文模拟练习一

　　The Value of Motherhood

　　In shopping malls，the assistants try to push you into buying"a gift to thank her for her unselfish love".When you log onto1 a website,a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her.Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.

　　(1) The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted.In fact,she got more 一 enough to make her horrified.

　　(2) They buy,among other things,132 million cards.Mother's Day isthe No 1 holiday for flower purchases.Then there are the various commodities，ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder,that take advantage of tlie promotion opportunities.Because of this,Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day.One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace,interestingly.

　　(3) As Ralph Fevre,a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian,observe，traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right." But in the logic of commercialism,people need something in exchange for their time and energy.A career serves this purpose better.

　　(4) So they work hard and play hard.Becoming a mother,however,inevitably handicaps career anticipation.

　　(5) According to The Guardian,there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago.Or,they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.

　　So,Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated： "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."

　　词汇：

　　motherhood 母性 website 网站

　　bouquet 花束

　　注释：

　　1.log onto:登彔到。log onto a website:登录到一个网站

　　2.pop-up:弹出式菜单。例如：....a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her.—张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。

　　练习：

　　A The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905，by Anna Jarvis,as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

　　B But what's mote，commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood.

　　C Obviously，the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.

　　D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark,96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.

　　E As a result,motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.

　　F In addition,women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.A 第一段主要讲笼罩着母亲节的商业气氛，如店员让你买一件礼物送给你的母亲，表示你 感谢她无私的爱。从语气上可以看出，作者对用商业手段表达母爱是反对的。第二段的第二个句子中有Anna Jarvis这个人的名字。最后一个句子是这么说的：In fact,she got more — enough to make her horrified.事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到可怕。从内容的衔接 来看，Anna Jarvis在前面很可能出现过。在所有的选项中只有A出现了这个名字，因此A是对的。

　　2.D 第三段的第二个句子中出现cards (贺卡)这个词。从主题发展来看，前一句中应该出现 过这个词，并且内容更概括。唯有D中出现过这个词并且论述概括，注意：主题句的陈述总 是一般的。因此选D。

　　3.B 第三段的主要内容是进一步讲述表现在母亲节中的商业化以及人们抗议母亲节中 的商业化,包括Anna Jarvis个人所做的努力。从内容上看，第四段是讲由于商业化的影 响人们对母性,也即为母之道发生了变化。选项B是合适的，它是该段的主题句。

　　4.F 第五段是对第四段主题的进一步发展，因此用F。

　　5.E 第六段是人们对为母之道的态度的变化的总结，因此用E。

　　译文：母性的价值

　　在商场里，售货员极力地向你推销：“为了感谢母亲无私的爱，为她买束鲜花吧!"当你登录到一个网站的时候，一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。在这个5月份特别的星期天里，到 处洋溢着充满了商业化的热情和感激的气氛。

　　美国版的母亲节是在20世纪50年代被作为确定母性价值的方式由Anna Jarvis提出的。“母亲 节"在全世界的流行表明Jarvis得到了她想要的一切。事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到 可怕。

　　Obesity Causes Global Warming

　　The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing：Last week，obese people were accused of causing global warming.

　　This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois，US，and a doctoral student,Laura McLay.Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around.The answer,they say,is a billion gallons of gas per year.(1)

　　There has been calls for taxes on junk food2 in recent years.(2) "We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost"，Schmidt said."Similarly，leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more."

　　US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments.But such claims are getting attention.

　　At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting,one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths,and another correlated obesity with suicides.(3) "The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously." Oliver said.

　　In a 1960s study,children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them,and a drawing of an obese child.They were asked which they would want for a friend?(4)

　　Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students.Once again,almost no one,not even obese people,liked the obese person.“Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.

　　But,researchers say,getting thin is not like quitting smoking.People struggle to stop smoking,and,in the end,many succeed.Obesity is different.But,not because obese people don't care.(5) Genes also play a part.

　　词汇：

　　obese 肥胖的 haul 运输

　　correlate 与……相联系 stigma 坏名声

　　stigmatize 侮辱

　　注释：

　　1.carbon dioxide：二氧化碳

　　2.junk food:垃圾食品

　　3.cause-and-effect relationship：因果关系

　　练习：

　　A.A meager diet may keep you thin.

　　B.It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.

　　C.The obese child was picked last.

　　D.US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.

　　E.Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.

　　F.No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.B第二段讲到Sheldon Jacobson和Laura McLay在一项研究中计算了运送美国胖子一年需 要多消耗10亿加仑的汽油。从所给的这些句子来看，只有B是连贯的。B句为Jtmeaiis an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.这意味着多放出 1100 万吨二氧化碳。

　　2.D第三段的第一个句子，即空格前的句子，讲的是：近些年，不断有人提出要给垃圾食品征 税。这是个主题句，那么后面的句子讲得应该更具体一点。D说得更具体，是这么说的:US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.美国经济学家 Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。另外，从主题的发展来看，也只有这个句子 最合适o

　　3.F 口第‘段开始时说到，在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的死亡跟肥胖联系了起 来，也有人把自杀跟肥胖联系了起来。从剩下的句子来看，只有填入F是连贯的。F说的 是：No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.没有人问一问它们之 间是否真正存在因果关系。

　　4.C第六段主要是讲一个试验，先让儿童看一组画，画里有正常的儿童和残疾的儿童，还有一 个小胖子，而后问他们愿意和哪个小孩做朋友。C是对这个问题合适的回答。

　　5.E 最后一段讲的是减肥跟戒烟不一样，在一定程度上受到基因的控制(最后一个句子)，因此很难。所以只有E是合适的。E是这么说的;Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。

　　译文：肥胖导致全球变暖

　　归咎于肥胖者的错误清单变得越来越长：上周，肥胖者们被职责导致了全球变暖。

　　这项结论来自于美国伊利诺伊大学的Sheldon Jacobson以及博士生Laura McLay。他们的研究计算了运送美国胖子需要多消耗多少汽油。据他们称，答案是，每年需要多消耗10亿加仑。这意味着多放出1100万吨二氧化碳。

　　这些年，不断有人提出要对垃圾食品征税。而美国经济学家Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。“我们对香烟征税一部分是因为人们所需要付出的健康代价太高，"Schmidt说，“同样，一种懒散的生活方式应该让纳税人掏出更多的钱。"

　　Mobile Phones

　　Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation,according to Robert Bell,a scientist.And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated,he said."Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information，"Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation.____1____

　　A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation.According to Robert Bell,there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3.____2____

　　As well,there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia,many in high density residential areas5.____3____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.

　　Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds,child care centres,hospitals,sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children.____4____ He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.

　　____5____ According to Robert Bell,it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it.Besides,he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.

　　词汇：

　　mobile 移动的 electromagnetic 电磁的

　　transmitter tower发射塔 shield 隔离屏

　　circulate 流传 density 密度

　　disregard 不顾 accelerate 加速，加快

　　注释：

　　1.动词prove用的是过去式形式proved,这是一种虚拟语气表示假设的用法。

　　2.Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight ...没有人会在一个晚上倒地死去……”overnight是副词，意为"一夜间;一下子;整夜”。如：This stadium was not built overnight.这个体育场不是一下子建起来的。

　　On his way to Europe,John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去欧洲的途中，约翰在芝加哥他父母那儿待了一个晚上。

　　3.介词by表示"以……(的速度增加)”。

　　4.介词by表示"到……前”。如：

　　By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report.到周四上午你应该写完实验报告。

　　the year 2000：公元2000年

　　5.many in high density residential areas是独立主格结构。注意它省略了being，即many(being)in high density residential areas0此夕卜，many指的是many transmitter towers。

　　6.vat a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解为at a rate(that is)more than three times that of adults，意为"以比成人多两倍的比率”短语中的that指代rate。倍数的表达法是："数字+times+名词/that”。如：

　　His salary is three times that of mine.他的薪水比我多两倍。

　　The sales Volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999.2000年冰箱的销量比1999年多一倍。

　　练习：

　　A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6.

　　B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones ：nearly one for every two people.

　　C "If mobile phones are found to be dangerous,they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,"he said.

　　D Then who finances the research?

　　E For example,Telstra,Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.

　　F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.C"空1”应该填入与low-level radiation有关的内容，例如：low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。所以，C是合适的选项。此外,直接引语也佐证了选择的合理性。