2020年军队职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习六

Viral and Bacterial Bronchitis Revealing The Differences

　　Diseases affect the lives of people in an adverse way. Therefore, it is necessary to develop healthy habits in order to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Diseases are caused by both virus and bacteria; however, in certain cases, environmental conditions also play a major role in causing certain ailments. For instance, bronchitis, an ailment of the respiratory system, is both viral and bacterial bronchitis. Not many people can tell the difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis. Only a medical practitioner will be able to point out the differences between viral and bacterial bronchitis after a careful examination of the patient and the results of laboratory tests.

　　Commonly, viruses cause bronchitis. People with viral bronchitis suffer from difficulties in breathing, headache, pain, wheezing, and other symptoms, such as low-grade fever. Patients will have a persistent, nonproductive cough and will not feel that ill. Bacterial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a more dangerous condition. You will suffer from a high fever and a persistent, productive cough with dark, discolored, and thick mucus.

　　Just as there is a difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis, there is also a difference between the treatments of these conditions. Viral bronchitis does not really require any treatment. Home remedies can successfully heal a person from this condition. However, it cannot and should not be neglected.

　　Care should be taken during the healing process. You need to take a lot of rest and increase your fluid intake. Taking more liquids such as fruit juices, water, and soup helps liquefy the phlegm and makes it easier for the body to expel it. In case of muscle pains, take acetaminophen. If the symptoms cause a great deal of distress, take cough suppressants or expectorants in order to liquefy the mucus. Taking a warm shower or a hot bath also facilitates the expulsion of mucus.

　　In case of bacterial bronchitis, your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics such as tetracycline, amoxicillin, and erythromycin. The antibiotic to be taken depends on the strain of the bacteria infecting your bronchial tubes. When you are on antibiotic therapy, you may have side effects characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Some bacteria are drug resistant, and recently, the FDA approved the use of a drug called gemiflaoxacin mesylate for such bacteria. It comes in the form of an oral tablet that has to be taken daily for five days. The side effects of this drug are diarrhea, skin rashes, and nausea.

　　It is not possible to treat a viral infection with antibiotics; attempts to do so will worsen your condition. Before using any drug, consult your doctor and find out if it is safe for you to use that drug. Cardio respiratory exercises help to regain normal lung function and to expel any excess mucus after the completion of the healing process

　　36.Bronchitis is

　　A.viral only.

　　B.bacterial only.

　　C.both viral and bacterial.

　　D.neither viral nor bacterial

　　正确答案:C

　　37.Which of the followings is NOT a symptom of viral bronchitis

　　A.Difficulties in breathing and wheezing.

　　B.Headache and pain.

　　C.A low-grade fever.

　　D.A persistent, productive cough

　　正确答案:D

　　38.What can be done to relieve the symptoms during the healing process

　　A.Taking more dry solid food helps to liquefy the mucus.

　　B.Taking a warm shower or a hot bath facilitates the expulsion of mucus.

　　C.Taking acetaminophen help liquefy the mucus.

　　D.Taking cough suppressants or expectorants controls muscle pain

　　正确答案:B

　　39.The side effects of antibiotic therapy includes the following EXCEPT

　　A.abdominal pain, , and nausea.

　　B.diarrhea.

　　C.a high fever.

　　D.nausea

　　正确答案:C

　　40.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage

　　A.Viral infection can be treated with antibiotics.

　　B.Using antibiotics against viral bronchitis brings neither good nor bad effect.

　　C.Cardio respiratory exercises worsen your condition.

　　D.Skin rashes are one of the side effects of gemiflaoxacin mesylate

　　正确答案:D

Global Warming

　　At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.

　　Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified (抵消) if others countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的) low--or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.

　　We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent diseases, especially where there had been none.

　　41　The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

　　A　convince people that global warming is a real threat

　　B　criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer

　　C　analyze the problem of global warming

　　D　argue against making deep cuts in emissions

　　42　The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that __________.

　　A　the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem

　　B　world technology is not able to solve the problem

　　C　not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions

　　D　many people welcome the global—warming effect of a warmer summer

　　43　In the passage the author implies that __________.

　　A　it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer

　　B　it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment

　　C　the world had recently become aware of the threat of global warming

　　D　the problem of global warming has largely been solved

　　44　According to the author，it is impossible at present to cut 60%of carbon dioxide emissions globally because __________.

　　A　it is only a goal to be reached in the future

　　B　some people are lacking in imagination

　　C　some people are irresponsible

　　D　it would cause to a collapse of the world economy

　　45　What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming? __________.

　　A　They should replace all the harmful substances.

　　B　They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.

　　C　They should hold another world conference on climate change.

　　D　They should provide advanced technology.

　　41　C本篇的主要意图是：A让人们相信全球变暖是一个真正的威胁;B对某些国家拒绝减少危害臭氧层物质的排放量提出批评;C分析全球变暖问题;D反对大幅度减少有害物质的排放量。

　　42　C难以消除全球变暖这一威胁的原因是：A许多国家的领导者尚未充分认识到这一问题的严重性;B国际技术水平还不能解决这一问题;C并非所有的国家都愿意大幅度地减少有害物的排放量;D许多人对全球变暖所产生的温暖夏季效应持欢迎态度。

　　43　B文章的作者暗示：A要达成国际协议来减少危害臭氧层的物质排放量，一直是一件困难的事情;B达成有关环境的国际协议已不再是一件容易的事情;C全世界最近才意识到全球变暖的威胁;D全球变暖问题已在很大程度上得以解决。

　　44　D作者认为目前不能在全球范围内减少60%的二氧化碳释放量的原因是：A这仅是未来要实现的目标;B某些人缺乏想像力;C有些人不负责任;D这将引起世界经济崩溃。

　　45　B所有国家应该做些什么才有助于解决全球变暖的问题?A他们应该替换所有的有害物质;B他们应该乐于为自身的能源消耗承担法律上的义务;C他们应该召集另一次国际会议来讨论全球变暖问题;D他们应该提供先进的技术。