【湖南专升本】成人高考复习资料英语--考试题型专讲专练四：阅读理解
来源：长理培训发布时间：2019-06-11 17:33:33
考试题型专讲专练四：阅读理解
1）题型特点
阅读理解题主要测考生把握文章主题思想和大意的能力，对文章中的重要情节和主要事实的理解程度，对文章的格调、作者的观点态度等的推理判断能力。专升本的阅读理解部分由5篇短文构成 每篇短文的平均长度为300词左右，5篇短文共20个小题，每小题3分共60分，阅读理解题的短文是一般性的社会，文化，经济，科普，和日常生活等等方面的内容。丰富的课外知识有时也有意外的帮助作用，文章的体裁包括记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。这部分是整个考试占分比例最高的部分，占总成绩的40%，所以是复习的重点。
2）解题步骤
（1）大致浏览文章（两到三分钟），迅速判断文章题材，记叙文要找出文章的四要素，抓住故事情节；议论文和说明文偏重首段尾段侧重首尾句，因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点，主题或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么细节问题就会迎刃而解了。
（2）带着问题细读文章，只关注与问题相关的部分。把问题分成三类，对于不同的问题题型有针对性地采用不同的解题方法。细节题在文章中能直接找到答案的，争取全部答对；主旨大意题和词汇题合理运用各种判断方式争取答对一半以上；推理题和作者态度题尽力而为。
3）阅读理解题型及相应答题技巧
（1）细节题（数量最大、最容易得分的题型）
A.填空型细节题
例如：
a. The truck owners were angry because
b. The books preferred by the author should be those
c. The increasing number of flights leads to the fact that .
B.疑问型细节题
例如：
a. Why are the porters considered the most powerful people in expensive hotels？
b. Why didn't the truck owners fight to get away the melons?
c. According to the passage, which is one of the necessary conditions to run a bookshop?
解题技巧: 对词法
(2)主旨大意题 （一般一篇文章只出一道，往往是第一题或最后一题）
例如：
a. The best title for this passage can be
b. The passage is mainly about .
c. Which of the following may best serve as the title of this passage?
d. In the passage, the writer mainly argues that
e. What’s the main idea of this passage?
解题技巧:
a.反复阅读文章的开头段和结尾段，找出全文的关键句。
b.所选的选项一定要包括文章中重复最多的词或词组，如果两个以上选项都包括再进一步进行对比排除。
(3) 词意判断题
例如：
a. The word ‘…’ in the …. Paragraph can be replaced by
b. Which of the following words is closed meaning to the word “…”(Line…,Para….)
c. The word “…” in Para… means .
解题技巧:根据构词法、上下文使用排除法。
（4）推理判断题
a. The passage implies (infers, concludes…)
b. It can be infer from the third paragraph that .
c. It is implied in the passage that .
d. The passage shows that
e. What can be inferred from the passage?
f. We can learn from this passage that
解题技巧:主要使用排除法和推理法
（5）作者态度题
a. The writer’s attitude towards … is .
b. What is the author’s attitude toward ….?
解题技巧:综合分析判断，必要时抓住关键词。
4）注意事项
（1）一定不要逐字逐句翻译文章，这是效率最低的答题方法，有些问题用这种方法反而容易答错，因为抓不住主题。
（2）不要主观臆断，以自己的观念或理解答题，要以文章中出现的事实为根据。
（3）分不同情况对待生词。和问题有关的需要理解的主要词汇要想办法去猜，没有关系或者在与问题相关的句子里不是主要成分的单词也可以忽略不计；使用对词法解题的题目即使不认识也没关系。
5）阅读理解专项练习：
A
The African elephant, the largest lanimal now alive, is in danger of extinction. 1The reasons are very similar to those in other cases of near – extinction; 2the beast is the source of a highly valued commodity – in this case, ivory – the animal’s habitat(居住地) is being more more fenced in by human settlements. 4East African elephants are most immediately threatened because they are victims of an illegal trade in ivory. 3At the same time, a growing human population has forced all African elephants back into once remote parks, where elephant density has in many cases exceeded the natural food supply.
1. The author suggests that the causes of animal extinction are _____.
A. peculiar to each group of animals
B. similar in most cases
C. dependent on the climate in which the animal lives
D. dependent on the size of the animal
答案：B
解析：填空型细节题。对词法。
2. The author implies that an animal is more likely to become extinct if it _____.
A. is far from human settlements
B. is native to East Africa
C. is a large lanimal
D. produces something of value to human beings
答案：D
解析：填空型细节题。对词法。
3. Which of the following has most seriously affected the African elephant?
A. Its large size.
B. The lowered reproduction rate.
C. The expansion of human settlements.
D. The changing climate.
答案：C
解析：填空型细节题。对词法。
4. The East African elephant may become extinct sooner than other African elephants because of ______.
A. an unlawful ivory trade
B. the high cost of fences
C. the remoteness of its habitat
D. its huge size
答案：A
解析：填空型细节题。对词法。
B
Shopping is not as simple as you may think！There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular br(品牌) of product on the shelf.
5Coloring，for example，varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged (包装) in greens，yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colors. Ice cream packets are often blue expensive goods，like chocolates，are gold or silver.
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently， researchers found that the colors turned the customers off 6because they made the product look weak ineffective. Eventually，it came on the market in a dark blue white package-blue because we think of it as safe，white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn't contain as much as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend，on average， 70 per cent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging！
The most successful producers know that it's not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap，who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote (推销) their goods，came to the conclusion： “Any fool can make soap，but it takes a genius (天才) to sell it.”
5. Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the passage？
A. The cost of its package.
B. The price of the product。
C. The color of its package.
D. The brname of the product.
答案：C
解析：疑问型细节题，对词法。
6. The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para. 3 ) means that the colors _____.
A. attracted the customers strongly
B. had weak effects on the customers
C. tricked the customers into shopping
D. caused the customers to lose interest
答案：B
解析：推理判断题，对词法。