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harry s. truman: "the truman doctrine"
mr. president, mr. speaker, members of the congress of the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />
the gravity of the situation which confronts the world today necessitates my appearance before a joint session of the congress. the foreign policy and the national security of this country are involved. one aspect of the present situation, which i present to you at this time for your consideration and decision, concerns
i do not believe that the american people and the congress wish to turn a deaf ear to the appeal of the greek government.
when forces of liberation entered
the very existence of the greek state is today threatened by the terrorist activities of several thousand armed men, led by communists, who defy the government's authority at a number of points, particularly along the northern boundaries. a commission appointed by the united nations security council is at present investigating disturbed conditions in northern
meanwhile, the greek government is unable to cope with the situation. the greek army is small and poorly equipped. it needs supplies and equipment if it is to restore authority of the government throughout greek territory.
the british government, which has been helping
we have considered how the united nations might assist in this crisis. but the situation is an urgent one, requiring immediate action, and the united nations and its related organizations are not in a position to extend help of the kind that is required.
it is important to note that the greek government has asked for our aid in utilizing effectively the financial and other assistance we may give to greece, and in improving its public administration. it is of the utmost impor(请你继续关注好范文网WWw.HAOWOrd.coM)tance that we supervise the use of any funds made available to greece in such a manner that each dollar spent will count toward making greece self-supporting, and will help to build an economy in which a healthy democracy can flourish.
no government is perfect. one of the chief virtues of a democracy, however, is that its defects are always visible and under democratic processes can be pointed out and corrected. the government of greece is not perfect. nevertheless it represents eighty-five per cent of the members of the greek parliament who were chosen in an election last year. foreign observers, including 692 americans, considered this election to be a fair expression of the views of the greek people.
the greek government has been operating in an atmosphere of chaos and extremism. it has made mistakes. the extension of aid by this country does not mean that the united states condones everything that the greek government has done or will do. we have condemned in the past, and we condemn now, extremist measures of the right or the left. we have in the past advised tolerance, and we advise tolerance now.
greek's [sic] neighbor, turkey, also deserves our attention. the future of turkey, as an independent and economically sound state, is clearly no less important to the freedom-loving peoples of the world than the future of greece. the circumstances in which turkey finds itself today are considerably different from those of greece. turkey has been spared the disasters that have beset greece. and during the war, the united states and great britain furnished turkey with material aid.
nevertheless, turkey now needs our support. since the war, turkey has sought financial assistance from great britain and the united states for the purpose of effecting that modernization necessary for the maintenance of its national integrity. that integrity is essential to the preservation of order in the middle east. the british government has informed us that, owing to its own difficulties, it can no longer extend financial or economic aid to turkey. as in the case of greece, if turkey is to have the assistance it needs, the united states must supply it. we are the only country able to provide that help.
i am fully aware of the broad implications involved if the united states extends assistance to greece and turkey, and i shall discuss these implications with you at this time. one of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the united states is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. this was a fundamental issue in the war with germany and japan. our victory was won over countries which sought to impose their will, and their way of life, upon other nations.
to ensure the peaceful development of nations, free from coercion, the united states has taken a leading part in establishing the united nations. the united nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members. we shall not realize our objectives, however, unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. this is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed upon free peoples, by direct or indirect aggression, undermine the foundations of international peace, and hence the security of the united states.
the peoples of a number of countries of the world have recently had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. the government of the united states has made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation in violation of the yalta agreement in poland, rumania, and bulgaria. i must also state that in a number of other countries there have been similar developments.
at the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. the choice is too often not a free one. one way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. the second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. it relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.
i believe that it must be the policy of the united states to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
i believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.
i believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.
the world is not static, and the status quo is not sacred. but we cannot allow changes in the status quo in violation of the charter of the united nations by such methods as coercion, or by such subterfuges as political infiltration. in helping free and independent nations to maintain their freedom, the united states will be giving effect to the principles of the charter of the united nations.
it is necessary only to glance at a map to realize that the survival and integrity of the greek nation are of grave importance in a much wider situation. if greece should fall under the control of an armed minority, the effect upon its neighbor, turkey, would be immediate and serious. confusion and disorder might well spread throughout the entire middle east. moreover, the disappearance of greece as an independent state would have a profound effect upon those countries in europe whose peoples are struggling against great difficulties to maintain their freedoms and their independence while they repair the damages of war.
it would be an unspeakable tragedy if these countries, which have struggled so long against overwhelming odds, should lose that victory for which they sacrificed so much. collapse of free institutions and loss of independence would be disastrous not only for them but for the world. discouragement and possibly failure would quickly be the lot of neighboring peoples striving to maintain their freedom and independence.
should we fail to aid greece and turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far reaching to the west as well as to the east.
we must take immediate and resolute action. i therefore ask the congress to provide authority for assistance to greece and turkey in the amount of $400,000,000 for the period ending june 30, 1948. in requesting these funds, i have taken into consideration the maximum amount of relief assistance which would be furnished to greece out of the $350,000,000 which i recently requested that the congress authorize for the prevention of starvation and suffering in countries devastated by the war.
in addition to funds, i ask the congress to authorize the detail of american civilian and military personnel to greece and turkey, at the request of those countries, to assist in the tasks of reconstruction, and for the purpose of supervising the use of such financial and material assistance as may be furnished. i recommend that authority also be provided for the instruction and training of selected greek and turkish personnel. finally, i ask that the congress provide authority which will permit the speediest and most effective use, in terms of needed commodities, supplies, and equipment, of such funds as may be authorized. if further funds, or further authority, should be needed for purposes indicated in this message, i shall not hesitate to bring the situation before the congress. on this subject the executive and legislative branches of the government must work together.
this is a serious course upon which we embark. i would not recommend it except that the alternative is much more serious. the united states contributed $341,000,000,000 toward winning world war ii. this is an investment in world freedom and world peace. the assistance that i am recommending for greece and turkey amounts to little more than 1 tenth of 1 per cent of this investment. it is only common sense that we should safeguard this investment and make sure that it was not in vain. the seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. they spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. they reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died.
we must keep that hope alive.
the free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. if we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world. and we shall surely endanger the welfare of this nation.
great responsibilities have been placed upon us by the swift movement of events.
i am confident that the congress will face these responsibilities squarely.
the grandest of these ideals is an unfolding american promise that everyone belongs, that everyone deserves a chance that no insignificant person was ever born. americans are called to enact this promise in our lives and in our laws. and though our nation has sometimes halted, and sometimes delayed, we must follow no other course. through much of the last century, america's faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations. our democratic faith is more than the creed of our country, it is the inborn hope of our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pass along. and even after nearly 225 years, we have a long way yet to travel. --by george w.bush
i have always been a strong supporter of women in sports. and i was introduced by a young woman, and as i went to shake her hand she obviously had been reading the newspapers about people saying i should or shouldn’t run for the senate. i was congratulating her on the speech she had just made and she held onto my hand and she said, “dare to compete, mrs. clinton. dare to compete.”
i took that to heart because it is hard to compete sometimes, especially in public ways, when your failures are there for everyone to see and you don’t know what is going to happen from one day to the next. yet so much of life, whether we like to accept it or not, is competing with ourselves to be the best we can be, being involved in classes or professions or just life, where we know we are competing with others.
i took her advice and i did compete because i chose to do so. and the biggest choices that you’ll face in your life will be yours alone to make. i’m sure you’ll receive good advice. you’re got a great education to go back and reflect about what is right for you, but you eventually will have to choose and i hope that you will dare to compete. and by that i don’t mean the kind of cutthroat competition that is too often characterized by what is driving america today. i mean the small voice inside you that says to you, you can do it, you can take this risk, you can take this next step.
and it doesn’t mean that once having made that choice you will always succeed. in fact, you won’t. there are setbacks and you will experience difficult disappointments. you will be slowed down and sometimes the breath will just be knocked out of you. but if you carry with you the values and beliefs that you can make a difference in your own life, first and foremost, and then in the lives of others. you can get back up, you can keep going.
but it is also important, as i have found, not to take yourself too seriously, because after all, every one of us here today, none of us is deserving of full credit. i think every day of the blessings my birth gave me without any doing of my own. i chose neither my family nor my country, but they as much as anything i’ve ever done, determined my course.
so,dare to compete. dare to care. dare to dream. dare to love. practice the art of making possible. and no matter what happens, even if you hear shouts behind, keep going.
the four freedoms
in the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
the first is freedom of speech and expression everywhere in the world.
the second is freedom of every person to worship(崇拜) god in his own way everywhere in the world.
the third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime (平时)life for its inhabitants everywhere in the world.
the fourth is freedom from fear--which, translated into world terms, means a worldwide reduction of armaments(军备) to such a point and in such a thorough (彻底)fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor--anywhere in the world.
that is no vision of a distant thorough. it is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable (实现)in our own time and our generation. that kind of world is the very antithesis(对立) of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators (独裁者)seek to create with the crash of a bomb.(炸弹爆炸)
to that new order we oppose the greater conception--the moral(道德) order. a good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.
since the beginning of our american history, we have been engaged in danger--in a perpetual(永久的) peaceful revolution--a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions--without the concentration camp (露营)or the quicklime in the ditch.(沟) the world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.
this nation has placed its destiny (命运)in the hands and hearts of its millions of free men and women, and its faith in freedom under the guidance of god. freedom means the supremacy(霸权) of human rights everywhere. our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. our strength is in our unity (统一)of purpose. to that high concept there can be no end save victory.
办公室部员关于英语演讲名人模仿秀大赛计划 由校团委主办、外国语学院承办的**工学院第九届英语文化节英文演讲名人模仿秀大赛将在枚乘路校区yfj0102教室举行。我们办公室部门为了使大赛能够顺利进行,现将工作分配如下:
(一)宣传工作
在办公室主任的带领下,首先由各部员对活动进行了解,包括部员对此活动开展的意义,在内部成员熟悉活动价值的前提下,逐步对各班级进行活动宣传。
在宣传过程中,要不断强调活动的意义以及其对个人、对班级荣誉的体现。由于它是一个需要较强英语功底的活动,大部分人对这种非娱乐性的活动提不起兴趣,所以在宣传的时候可以适当的提一提自己的意见,提高大家的积极性。
(二)组织工作
办公室部员分成两组:
第一组:曹思、肖妍、陆维维、李亚伟、李翔
第二组:周颖、徐佳云、王菊、蔡晨姣、夏威毅、周晨凯 在办公室主任带领下以楼层为单位逐个宣传。
其中每组分工:2人讲台上具体宣传,2-3人负责将活动主要内容、联系方式等写在黑板上,1人负责单独将细节注意点告知班长,让班长做近一步宣传。
(三)选拔工作
由于这是全校性的比赛,所以只要选出1-2个人代表学院参赛,办公室特此举办小型院内选拔,地点22208.时间周六上午8:30.
比赛流程:
抽签——自我介绍——按抽签次序演讲——评委提问——综合评定
(四)注意事项
1.事先询问参赛选手时间安排,尽量不发生时间冲突
2.比赛前短信提醒 ,确保参赛人员准时到齐
3.赛后卫生、桌椅的摆放
生化学院团总支 办公室
陆维维
2014年11月16日
办公室部员关于英语演讲名人模仿秀大赛总结
名人演讲。
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名人演讲
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