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本教程展示属性是如何成为 C# 编程语言必不可少的一个组成部分的。它阐释如何声明和使用属性。
教程
此教程包括两个示例。第一个示例展示如何声明和使用读/写属性。第二个示例演示抽象属性并展示如何在子类中重写这些属性。
本示例展示一个 Person 类,它有两个属性:Name (string) 和 Age (int)。两个属性都是读/写属性。
// person.cs using System; class Person { private string myName ="N/A"; private int myAge = 0; // Declare a Name property of type string: public string Name { get { return myName; } set { myName = value; } } // Declare an Age property of type int: public int Age { get { return myAge; } set { myAge = value; } } public override string ToString() { return "Name = " + Name + ", Age = " + Age; } public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("Simple Properties"); // Create a new Person object: Person person = new Person(); // Print out the name and the age associated with the person: Console.WriteLine("Person details - {0}", person); // Set some values on the person object: person.Name = "Joe"; person.Age = 99; Console.WriteLine("Person details - {0}", person); // Increment the Age property: person.Age += 1; Console.WriteLine("Person details - {0}", person); } }
Simple Properties Person details - Name = N/A, Age = 0 Person details - Name = Joe, Age = 99 Person details - Name = Joe, Age = 100
下面的示例展示如何定义抽象属性。抽象属性声明不提供属性访问器的实现。本示例演示如何在子类中重写这些属性。
该示例包含三个文件。在“属性”示例中,这些文件被编译为单个编译;但在此教程中,每个文件都单独进行编译,且产生的程序集会由下一个编译引用:
若要编译该示例,请使用命令行:
csc abstractshape.cs shapes.cs shapetest.cs
这样将生成可执行文件 shapetest.exe。
文件 1:abstractshape.cs
该文件声明包含 double 类型的 Area
属性的 Shape
类
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// abstractshape.cs // compile with: /target:library // csc /target:library abstractshape.cs using System; public abstract class Shape { private string myId; public Shape(string s) { Id = s; // calling the set accessor of the Id property } public string Id { get { return myId; } set { myId = value; } } // Area is a read-only property - only a get accessor is needed: public abstract double Area { get; } public override string ToString() { return Id + " Area = " + string.Format("{0:F2}",Area); } }
文件 2:shapes.cs
下面的代码展示 Shape 的三个子类,并展示它们如何重写 Area 属性来提供自己的实现。
// shapes.cs // compile with: /target:library /reference:abstractshape.dll public class Square : Shape { private int mySide; public Square(int side, string id) : base(id) { mySide = side; } public override double Area { get { // Given the side, return the area of a square: return mySide * mySide; } } } public class Circle : Shape { private int myRadius; public Circle(int radius, string id) : base(id) { myRadius = radius; } public override double Area { get { // Given the radius, return the area of a circle: return myRadius * myRadius * System.Math.PI; } } } public class Rectangle : Shape { private int myWidth; private int myHeight; public Rectangle(int width, int height, string id) : base(id) { myWidth = width; myHeight = height; } public override double Area { get { // Given the width and height, return the area of a rectangle: return myWidth * myHeight; } } }
文件 3:shapetest.cs
以下代码展示一个测试程序,它创建若干 Shape 派生的对象,并输出它们的面积。
// shapetest.cs // compile with: /reference:abstractshape.dll;shapes.dll public class TestClass { public static void Main() { Shape[] shapes = { new Square(5, "Square #1"), new Circle(3, "Circle #1"), new Rectangle( 4, 5, "Rectangle #1") }; System.Console.WriteLine("Shapes Collection"); foreach(Shape s in shapes) { System.Console.WriteLine(s); } } }
Shapes Collection Square #1 Area = 25.00 Circle #1 Area = 28.27 Rectangle #1 Area = 20.00
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