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在英语学习中,有些同学往往因为忽视了一些短语中单词的词序,而造成句子的误解或错解。本文拟对这类短语作一个简要归纳。
1. a kind of / of a kind
( 1 ) a kind of 意为“一种;有点”。例如:
He has a kind of suspicion.
他有点怀疑。
( 2 ) of a kind 表示“同一种类的”,相当于“ of the same kind ”。例如:
Things of a kind come together.
物以类聚。
2. as much / much as
( 1 ) as much 用作宾语,意为“一样多;同样”。例如:
You have always helped me and I will always do as much to you.
你总是帮助我,我也要帮助你。
( 2 ) much as 用来引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”。例如:
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.
我虽然很喜欢那东西,却不想买它。
3. at work / work at
( 1 ) at work 表示“(人)在工作;(机器)在运转;(因素)在起作用”。例如:
His brother is at work now and won't be back until 6 o'clock.
他的哥哥正在上班, 6 点钟才回来。
The machine is at work smoothly.
机器正在平稳地运转。
( 2 ) work at 意为“从事”。例如:
He's working at a new invention.
他正从事一项新发明。
4. before long / long before
( 1 ) before long 的意义为“不久;不久以后”。句中的谓语动词可用现在、过去或将来时态。例如:
Before long he had to move on again.
不久他不得不继续搬迁。
I hope to see you before long.
我希望不久后见到你。
( 2 ) long before 意为“很久以前”。句中的谓语动词用过去或完成时态。例如:
We heard of it long before.
我们很早就听说过这件事。
We've seen that film long before.
我们早就看过那部电影了。
5. call at / at call
( 1 ) call at 可表示“访问(某地);(车、船)停靠”。例如:
Does this ship call at Naples?
这艘船在那不勒斯靠岸吗?
( 2 ) at call 意为“随叫随到的;可以支付的”。例如:
The doctors in our hospital are at call day and night.
我们医院的医生随叫随到。
The money is payable at call.
这笔钱可随时支付。
6. far from / from far
( 1 ) far from 可表示“(由近及远)远离;绝非”。例如:
John's house is far from the town.
约翰的家远离那个镇。
Your work is far from ( being ) satisfactory.
你的工作不能令人满意。
( 2 ) from far 表示“(由远及近)从远方”之意。例如:
Has your uncle come from far?
你叔叔是从远方来的吗?
7. for good / good for
( 1 ) for good 意为“永远地;一劳永逸地”。例如:
He hoped that the repairs would stop the leak for good.
他希望修好后就永远不漏。
( 2 ) good for 意为“对……有用”。例如:
Milk is good for children.
喝牛奶对儿童有好处。
8. if only / only if
( 1 ) if only 意为“要是……;但愿……”。一般表示强烈的愿望,句中的谓语动词多用虚拟语气。例如:
If only you had told me about it!
要是你把这事告诉我该多好呀!
( 2 ) only if 意为“只有……(才)”,强调惟一条件。例如:
Only if you have been through such agony will you believe it.
只有经历过这样的痛苦,你才会相信。
9. in all / all in
( 1 ) in all 意为“总共;合计”,相当于 altogether .例如:
There are 50 students in all in our class.
我们班总共有 50 名学生。
( 2 ) all in 意为“筋疲力尽”,相当于 exhausted. 例如:
By the time we got to the top of the mountain, we were all in.
爬到山顶时,我们都累极了。
10. in hand / hand in
( 1 ) in hand 意为“在手头;在进行中”。例如:
We have enough data in hand.
我们手头有足够的资料。
The work is in hand, and will soon be completed.
工作在进行中,很快就要完成。
( 2 ) hand in 意为“上交;提交”。例如:
Your composition should be handed in after school.
你的作文放学后交上来。
11. in turn / turn in
( 1 ) in turn 意为“依次;轮流”。例如:
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践,反过来为实践服务。
( 2 ) turn in 意为“交出;上缴”。例如:
You must turn in your equipment when you leave the army.
你离开部队时必须把一切装备上缴。
12. much too / too much
( 1 ) much too 相当于 too ,可用作副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,但不能修饰动词。例如:
It is much too cold this morning.
今天早上实在太冷了。
You're going much too fast; slow down!
你走得实在太快了,放慢些!
( 2 ) too much 相当于 much ,可用作形容词、名词和副词。用作副词时,通常修饰动词。例如:
But too much snow can cause trouble.
但雪太多会造成麻烦。
We can't thank you too much.
非常感谢你们。
13. short for / for short
( 1 ) short for 意为“是……的简称(缩写)”。例如:
Is Jim short for James?
吉姆是詹姆斯的简称吗?
( 2 ) for short 则是“缩写;简称为……”之意。例如:
His real name is Thomas, but we call him Tom for short.
他的真名叫托马斯,而我们简称他为汤姆。
14. such as / as such
( 1 ) such as 意为“例如;像……一样”。用来列举同类事物,其后接名词、代词或句子。例如:
John likes to make furniture, such as chairs and tables.
约翰喜欢做家具,例如椅子和桌子。
( 2 ) as such 意为“照此;以这种资格(身份);就其本身而言”。例如:
He was a guest and was treated as such.
他是客人,也确实像客人那样受到了款待。
He didn't oppose the plan as such.
就
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>计划本身来说,他并不反对。
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