英译汉的应试指导-大学四六级

英译汉的应试指导

英译汉时应注意以下几个方面 

1． 总的原则 （1）翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯 （2）翻译不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻译因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文思想 内容。好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一 （3）能够直译尽量不意译 （4）翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达。现就这一点作进一步论述。 　

2．结合英文写作特点对语言进行整体理解 　首先，英文段落的首句一般为topic sentence，然后展开说明。展开的写法有多 种，可分可总，可下定义，可同义重复，可以代词复指等。利用这一技巧，先通 读全文，便能更好的理解文章的意思，把握段与段之间的关系，在翻译时就能在上下文中确定词义，从而进行准确的翻译.  其次，就具体而言： （1）对词的理解可以从构思法、词的搭配关系和词汇之间的逻辑关系等方面入手 （2）对句子的理解可以从句子的内在逻辑、成分之间的从属关系和句子的语法组 成等方面来实现 （3）对于长句，可采用如下译法： 顺译法：按照原文顺序译 逆续法：顺序与原文顺序相反 重复法：重复前一个词 分译法：一个句子分成几个部分来翻译 括号法：在译文后加括号进行解释和说明等 终合法：综合运用上述各种方法 

 3．表达 正确理解原文后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有：（1）增词法。根据需要增加一些词语，如名词等 （2）减词法。根据汉语习惯，删去一些词 （3）肯否表达法。原文为肯定句，译成汉语是为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。 反之亦然 （4）变换法，名词译成动词或动词转译成名词等 （5）分合法。一个长句可分成若干部分来译，或者把原文的几个简单句用一个句 子表达出来。 （6）省略法：两种语言由于存在差异，表达时不可能总是对等，经常可以省略一 些词和句子成分，如英语中的冠词汉语里没有，译时可以省略 4．应试中还应注意的问题 （1）词的指代问题要搞清楚 （2）汉语知识的应用，如修辞等 （3）部分否定和否定重点。部分否定，如not all; 否定重点，如I don't teach because I have knowledge. (我并非因为有知识才去教书) 。否定重点为 because, 而不是teach。 （4）虚拟语气。这种语法现象有时并非只表示字面意思，它经常有感情色彩，译 时要注意。 （5）要认真地通读全文，根据上下文来确定词义、句意，切不可断章取义，望文 生义. 5．核对原文 既要核对译文是否准确、通顺，还要注意关键词的采分点。同时不要忘记全文结 构的表达，这部分还有0.5分呢。 

介词用法口诀

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 

将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。 　

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 　

特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 　

介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。 　

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 　　

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 　

特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。 　　

年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 

步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。 

at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 　

工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 　　

就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 　

this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 　

接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 　

over、under正上下，above、below则不然， 　　

若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。' 　　

beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。 

besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。 　

同类比较except，加for异类记心间。 　

原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词 　　

under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。 　

before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 　

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。 　

since以来during间，since时态多变换。 　

与之相比beside，除了last but one。 　

复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 

快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 　

but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 　　

ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。 　

之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。 

in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。 　　

如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。 　　早、午、晚要用in 　　例：in the morning 在早上 　　in the afternoon 在下午 　　in the evening 在晚上 　　in the day 在白天 　　at黎明、午、夜、点与分 　　例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 　　at noon 在中午 　　at night 在夜间 　　at midnight 在午夜 　　以上短语都不用冠词 　　at six o'clock 在6点钟 　　at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 　　at half past eleven 在11点半 　　at nine fifteen 在9点15分 　　at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分 　　也可以写成 　　seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上) 　　five minutes after two 2点过5分 　　at a quarter to two 1点45分 　　at the weekend 在周末 　　年、月、年月、季节、周 　　即在"来年"，在"某月"，在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某 　　日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。 　　例；in 1986 在1986年 　　in 1927 在1927年 　　in April 在四月 　　in March 在三月 　　in December 1986 1986年12月 　　in July l983 1983年7月 　　in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 　　in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 　　in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 　　in the third week 在第三周 　　阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in， 　　即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。 　　例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。 　　They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。 　　They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。 　　a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯 　　He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。 　　The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛． 　　以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 　　a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人 　　the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女 　　in uniform 穿着制服 　　in mourning 穿着丧服 　　in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 　　in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫 　　将来时态in...以后 　　例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。 　　I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。 　　We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。 　　Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始) 　　after... (从过去开始) 　　小处at大处in 　　例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。 　　I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。 　　I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市． 　　有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in 　　例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形) 　　The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形) 　　"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形) 　　The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形) 　　I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in) 　　I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上) 　　The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in ) 　　The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上) 　　This board was cast in bronze not

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英译汉的应试指导

in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。 　　特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in 　　特征或状态： 　　例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。 　　They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。 　　He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。 　　Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。 　　The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。 　　The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。 　　Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。 　　His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。 　　I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。 　　She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。 　　还有一些短语也用in，如： 　　in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。 　　His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。 　　Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。 　　She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。 　　The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。 　　方面： 　　例：we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。 　　They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。 　　The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。 　　A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。 　　方式： 　　例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。 　　The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。 　　如下成语惯用in 　　例如： in all 总计 　　in advance 事前 　　in the meantime 与此同时 　　in place 适当地 　　in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望 　　in connection with 和……有关 　　in contact with 和……联系 　　in addition to 除......以外 　　in case of 倘若，万一 　　in conflict with 和......冲突 　　in force 有效的，大批 　　in depth 彻底地 　　in regard to 关于 　　in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近 　　in retrospect 回顾，一想起 　　in behalf of 代表......利益 　　in the least 一点，丝毫 　　in alarm 惊慌、担心 　　in the opinion of 据……见解 　　in the long run 从长远说来 　　in one's opinion 在……看来 　　in word 口头上 　　in a word 总之 　　in vain 无益地, 白白地 　　in case 如果，万一，以防 　　in detail 详细地 　　in haste 急急忙忙地 　　in conclusion 总之 　　in spite of 尽管 　　in other words... 换句话说 　　in return 作为回报 　　in the name of 以......名义 　　be confident in 对......有信心 　　be interested in 对......感兴趣 　　in doubt 怀疑 　　in love 恋爱中 　　in debt 负债 　　in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地 　　in hesitation 犹豫不决 　　in wonder 在惊奇中 　　in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地) 　　in a good humour 心情(情绪)好 　　"介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分"。 　　介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句： 　　1. A．She came at me. 她向我扑过来。 　　B．She came to me. 她向我走过来。 　　

2．A．Jake ran at John. 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。 B．Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。 　　

3．A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。 　　B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。 　　4．A．He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。 B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说 　　

5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。 　B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。 　　

6．A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。 B．She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢. 　　

7．A．She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。 B．She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。 　　

8．A．He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。 　　B．He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。 　　

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。 　　例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日 　　on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日 　　on May the first 5月1日 　　on the first 1号 　　on the sixteenth 16号 　　on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日 　　on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚 　　on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日) 　　on New Year's Day 在元旦 　　on my birthday 在我的生日 　　但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用in，the present time 现在，at the present day当今则用at。 　on May Day 在"五•一"节 　on winter day 在冬天 　　on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日 　　on Sunday 在星期天 　　on Monday 在星期一 　　on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨 　　on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午 　　on Friday evening 星期五晚上 　

但last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time准时，in time及时，等则不同。 　　年月日，加早午晚，of之前on代in 　　例： on the morning of 18th 18日早晨 　　on the evening of 4th 4日晚上 　　On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。 　　收音、农场，值日on 　　例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night? 　　您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗? 　　I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。 　　taIk over the radio 由无线电播音 　　on TV 从电视里...... 　　hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到 　　My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。 　　The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。 　　This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。 　　Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日? 　　We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。 　　关于、基础、靠、著论 　　例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。 　　Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。 　　You are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。 　　The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。 　　Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。 　　The people

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英译汉的应试指导

in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠) 　　The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。 　　You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month． 靠月薪100元的收入，你是买不起奢侈品的。 　　Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food． 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。 　　He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。 　　Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。 　　The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。 　　on后接the加上一个作名词的动词．其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如： 　　on the march在行军中，on the mend 在好转中，on the prowl徘徊，on the move活动中，on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语)，on the go活跃，忙碌，on the lookout注意, 警戒，on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。 　　on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>> 　　on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<论人民民主专政>> 　　"on Coalition Government" <<论联合政府>> 　　着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准 　　注：口诀中的"着"是指着火，罢指罢工，偷指偷偷地，公指出差、办公事；假指休假，准指准时。 　　例：The house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。 　　The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。 　　Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。 　　do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。 　　I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。 　　They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。 　　They has been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。 　　I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。 　　I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的，不是不告面别。 　　She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。 　　He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。 　　This lunch is on me. 　　"No. let's go Dutch." 　　"这顿午饭我付钱。" 　　"不，还是各付各的。" 　　On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反，这事儿很容易理解。 　　P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。 　　注：in time是"及时"的意思。 　　The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。 　　特定时间和"一……就"，左右on后动名词 　　例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。(特定时间) 　　On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一进屋，他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。 　　On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。 　　I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就) 　　以及on the left, right向左向右，on the stair在台阶上等。 　　步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage用in 　　例：On foot步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴。 　　He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马，鲜血从腰部流下来。 　　The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。 　　Go on horse back! 骑马去！ 　　You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢! 　　in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。 　　at山脚、门口在当前，速、温、日落价核心 　　即在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。 　　例：At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades. 在山脚下，有我们30个同志。 　　There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。 　　At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball. 门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。 　　Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口? 　　I don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。 　　He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。 　　The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50公里。 　　we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost. 我们以最低的投资，最高的速度修建了该工厂。 　　at home 在国内，在家里 　　at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10度 　　at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10度 　　Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在镊氏零度结冰。 　　Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在摄氏loo度沸赐。 　　at zero 在零度 　　at the rate of 45 miles an hour 　　at full speed 全速 　　at a good price 高价 　　at a low cost 低成本 　　at a great cost 花了很大代价 　　at that time 在当时 　　Evaporation takes place at all tempertures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。 　　at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000转 　　at a high speed 高速 　　The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。 　　at daybreak 日出时 　　The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。 　　The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原于核。 　　At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。 　　 　　

大学英语六级词汇精讲

（一）1. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should _____them as soon as possible. 

A. rectify B. reclaim C. refrain D. reckon [CET-6,2001,1] 

2. We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly _____. 

A. private B. rigorous C. mysterious D. confidential [CET-6,2002,1] 

3. Before every Board meeting, it is customary for the ______ of the previous meeting to be read out. A. minutes B. precis C. notes D. protocol 

4. He was barred from the club for refusing to _____with the rules. A. conform B. abide C. adhere D. comply 

5. The girl was ________ a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store. A. presumably B. preliminarily C. formally D. formerly [CET-6,1995,6] 

6. Although the heavy rain stopped, it was at least an hour later that the flood began to _____. A. retire B. recede C. recline D. retreat 

7. That ancient car of his is a ________ joke among his friends. A. steady B. standing C. settled D. stable

8. Whether their football team will win is a matter of _______ to me. A. discrimi

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nation B. deviation C. indifference D. interests [CET-6,1996,6] 

9. They threw petrol onto the bonfire and the sudden _______ lit up the whole garden. A. glow B. twinkle C.spark D. flare 

10. He answers questions about how to keep _____ meats from becoming tough when braising. A. tender B. vulgar C. mild D. frail

11. The original elections were declared _____ by the former military ruler. A. void B. vulgar C. surplus D. extravagant [CET-6,1994,1] 

12. In the blazing heat of midday, the dog lay by the side of the boad,its mouth open _______. A. yawning B. panting C. surplus D. sniffing 

13. Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropos that Europeans find they are unable to ______ it. A. maintain B. persist C. endure D. sustain 

14. At school he had a good academic record, and also ______ at sports. A. prevailed B. achieved C. surpassed D. excelled 

15. The lecture ______ from prehistory to modern times and gave the audience much to think about. A. covered B. included C. ranged D. dealt 

16. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding _____ and had a very good time. A. feast B. festival C. recreation D. congratulation [CET-6,2001,1] 

17. Why should anyone want to read _____ of books by great authors whom the real pleasure comes from reading the originals? A. themes B. insights C. digests D. leaflets [CET-6,1997,6]

18. His letter was in such a casual scrawl and in such pale ink that it was _______ . A. doubrful B. ambigous C. obscure D. illegible 

19. The human voice often sounds ______ in the telephone. A. twisted B. irregular C. distorted D. deformed

20. When there's a doubt, the chairman's decision is _____ . A. fight B. definite C. fixed D. final 参考答案与精讲 

1. 答案选 A 。A. rectify：改正 B. reclaim：要求收回，重得 C. refrain：（正式）克制，抑制 D. reckon：推断，考虑，计算 

2. 答案选 D。A. private：私下的，不公开的 B. rigorous：精确的，严峻的 C. mysterious：神秘的 D. confidential：秘密的，机密的 

3. 答案选 A。 A. minutes：会议记录 B. precis：摘要 C. notes笔记 D. protocol：法案，议案 

4. 答案选 D。 A. conform：（to）遵守 B. abide：(by)遵守 C. adhere：(to)遵守 D. comply：(with)遵守 

5. 答案选D。 A. presumably：据推测 B. preliminarily：初步地 C. formally：正式的 D. formerly：以前，从前 

6. 答案选B。 A. retire：退休 B. recede（洪水）退下 C. recline：向后靠，斜倚 D. retreat：撤退 

7. 答案选 B。A. steady：平稳的 B. standing joke：习惯用法，老笑话 C. settled：解决 D. stable：稳定的 

8. 答案选C. A. discrimination：歧视，偏见 B. deviation：偏差，误差 C. indifference：不关心，不重视 D. interests：兴趣

9. 答案选D。 A. glow：灼热，发光 B. twinkle:(星星、眼睛等)闪耀，闪烁 C.spark：火星 ，火花 D. flare：火焰 

10. 答案选A。A. tender：温柔的 tender meat 嫩肉 B. vulgar：轻柔的，柔软的 C. surplus：（脾气、天气等）温和的 D. extravagant：脆弱的，易碎的 

11. 答案选A。A. void：（法律上）无效的 B. vulgar：粗俗和 C. surplus：多余的，剩余的 D. extravagant：奢侈浪费的，昂贵的 

12. 答案选B。A. yawning：打哈欠 B. panting:（张口）喘气 C. surplus：叹气 D. sniffing：嗅，喷鼻息 

13. 答案选 C。A. maintain：维持，保养 B. persist：坚持，持续 C. endure：忍受，容忍 D. sustain：支撑，赡养 

14. 答案选D。 A. prevailed （over/against）优胜 B. achieved：成就，成功地做 C. surpassed：超越，超过 D. excelled(at/in)：优胜，杰出 

15. 答案选C.A. covered：覆盖，包括 B. included：包括，包含 C. ranged(from...to)：涉及 D. dealt(with)：处理，处置 

16. 答案选A。 A. feast：盛筵 B. festival：节日 C. recreation：休闲，娱乐 D. congratulation：祝贺 

17. 答案选C。 A. themes：主题 B. insights：见解，洞察力 C. digests：文摘，摘要 D. leaflets：传单 

18. 答案选D。 A. doubtful：怀疑的 B. ambigous：含糊的 C. obscure：难懂的，朦胧不清的 D. illegible：（字迹）模糊难辨的 

19. 答案选C。 A. twisted：扭曲的 B. irregular：不规则的 C. distorted：变形的， 失真的 D. deformed：畸形的 

20. 答案选D。 A. fight：正确的 B. definite：明确的 C. fixed：固定的 D. final：最后的，最终的 

大学英语六级词汇精讲（二）

1. The chairman says he needs an assistant that he can ___ take care of problems that may occur in his absence. A. count on B. resort to C. look up to D. seek after 

2.  His intelligence and experience will enable him to ___ the complicated situation. A. cope with B. settle down C. intervene in D. interfere with [CET-6,1994,1] 

3.  The wood was so rotten that when we pulled, it ___ into fragments. A. broke away B. broke of C. broke up D. break through 

4.  The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plan in Athens, set to ____ when it arrived in New York. A. go off B. get off C. come off D. carry off [CET-6,1999,6]

5.  All the information we have collected in relation to that caes ____ very little. A. make up for B. adds up to C. come up with D. puts up with 

6. Care should be taken to decrease the length of that one is ___ load continuous noise. A. subjected with B. filled with C. associated with D. attached to 

7. George assured his boss that he would _____ all his energies in doing hiw new job. A. call forth B. call at C. call on D. call of 

8. Attemps to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were ____ . A. in no way B. on the contrary C. at a loss D. of no avail 

9. The formal gardens originally _____ in the early 1990's aere so elaborate that the care of 32 gardeners was required. A. laid down B. laid out C. laid over D. laid up 

10. If you _____

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英译汉的应试指导

the bottle and cigarettes, you'll be much healthied. A. take off B. keep off C. get off D. set off

11. Poverty depresses most people, _____ my father it was otherwise. A. in case B. in case of C. in the case of D. in any way 

12. He was such a busy man that after a long delay, he ____ writing the letter. A. get around to B. looked forward to C. passed on to D. took to

13. Wten a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people ______ and ask them questions. A. at length B. at random C. in essence D. in bulk [CET-6,1997,1] 

14. The fire must have ____ after the staff had gone home. A. broken down B. broken up C. broken out D. broken off [CET-6,1994,1]

15. . There are several possible explanations for the greater job stability in Japan ______ the great mobility in the V.S. A. contrary to B. in regard to C. in contrast to D. with respect to 

16.  It's time we _____ the experiment, otherwise we can't complete the task according to the schedule. A. turned to B. saw to C got down to D. sat in 

17. At the party we found that the shy girl _______ her mother all the time. A. centering on B. adhering to C. coinciding with D. clinging to 

18.  He failed to completely achieve the aim _____ by the teacher at the begining of the term. A. brought forth B. set forth C. come up D. put forward 

19.  Malaria, it is sure, has been practically _____ in thirteen countries, including the V.S., and is under attack in many others. A. wiped out B. died out C. put out D. left out 

20.  Digestion _____ the necessary chemical changes in the food which must occur before it can be absorbed. A.consist in B. feeds in C. puts in D. tucks in 

精讲解题思路： 

1. 答案为A。 A. count on：指望，依靠 B. resort to：求助于，凭借 C. look up to：敬仰，尊敬 D. seek after：探索，追求 

2. 答案为A。 A. cope with：对付，处理 B. settle down：定居 C. intervene in：干涉，调停，阻挠 D. interferewith：干涉，妨碍 

3. 答案为C。A. broke away：（突然）逃跑 B. broke of：（突然）中止 C. broke up：打碎，破裂 D. break through：穿越 

4. 答案为A。 A. go off：爆炸 B. get off：动身，下车 C. come off：脱离，分离 D. carry off：带去，抢去 

5. 答案为B。A. make up for：补偿 B. adds up to：等于，意味着 C. come up with：赶上，得出（主意，想法） D. puts up with忍受 

6. 答案为A。A. subjected with：使…遭受… B. filled with：使…充满… C. associated with：和…发生联系D. attached to：把…连接到…，使…附属于… 

7. 答案为A。A. call forth：唤起，得起（精神） B. call at：（到某处）拜访 C. call on：拜访（某人） D. call of：取消（某种活动） 

8. 答案为D。 A. in no way：怎么也不，一点儿也不 B. on the contrary：相反地 C. at a loss：不知所措 D. of no avail：没用，无效 

9. 答案为B。 A. lay down：放下，交出，规定，制定 B. laid out：安排，布置 C. laid over：做短暂停留 D. laid up：臣床不起 

10. 答案为B。A. take off：脱下（衣服），（飞机）起飞 B. keep off：远离，不接近 C. get off：下车 D. set off：动身，出发 

11. 答案为C。A. in case：假使，以防万一，后接从句 B. in case of：假使，万一 C. in the case of：对…来说，至于 D. in any way：无论如何，总之 

12. 答案为A。 A. get around to：抽出时间（做某事） B. looked forward to：盼望 C. passed on to：传给 D. took to：开始喜欢，对…产生好感 

13. 答案为B。A. at length：冗长的，详细地 B. at random：随意地 C. in essence：实质上，在本质上 D. in bulk：整批地，大量地 

14. 答案为C。A. broken down：机器出毛病，人的身体垮了 B. broken up：结束，中止 C. broken out（战争、疾病、火灾）爆发 D. broken off：突然停止，折断 

15. 答案为C。A. contrary to：与…相反 B. in regard to：就…而论 C. in contrast to：与…对照 D. with respect to：关于 

16. 答案为C。A. turned to：求助于 B. saw to：负责，注意 C got down to：安下心来做 D. sat in：列席，旁听 

17. 答案为D。A. centering on：以…为中心 B. adhering to：粘附，遵守，坚持 C. coinciding with与…巧合 D. clinging to：紧紧抓住，粘着 

18. 答案为B。A. brought forth：提出（建议，主张） B. set forth提出（目标） C. come up：出现 D. put forward：与brought forth同义 

19. 答案为A。 A. wiped out：消灭 B. died out：灭绝（不及物） C. put out：熄灭（火） D. left out：遗漏，省略 

20. 答案为A。 A.consist in：在于 B. feeds in：输入 C. puts in：插入，伸进 D. tucks in：给…盖好被子 

    大学英语六级词汇精讲（三） 　

1. As the final exam is next week. I will take advantage of the day off to _____ on my English. A. brush up B. make up C. hurry up D. pick up 

2.  It is well know that the retired workers in our country are _____ free medical care. A. entitled to B. involved in C. associated with D. assigned to 

3.  There is a strong public ______ on the question of unemployment. A. response B. sentiment C. affection D. sympathy 

4.  The desperate doctors _______ every possible drug into him with a view to saving his life. A. projected B. rejected C. infected D. ejected 

5.  Some pieces of gold coin rate have ______ together in the blaze. A. softened B. melted C. dissolved D. fused 

6.  Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply _______. A. declined B. lessened C. descended D. slipped 

7.  Of the thousand of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive. A. tremendous B. demanding C. intensive D. overwhelming 

8.  His writing is so ______ that we can't clarify his ideas in first reading. A. obscure B. objective C. obliging D. obstacle 

9.  The _____ of en

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ergy and money on the launching of the rocket is surprising. A. exhaustion B. expenditure C. allowance D. ownership 

10.  He gave his ______ for new marketing procedures. A. representations B. presentations C. comments D. memoranda 

11. . If you decrease the _______ of alcohol in his solution, it would be less dangerous. A. part B. portion C. section D. share 

12. . He has pointed out the dangers ______ in this type of nuclear power station. A. interior B. inherent C. inside D. inner 

13.  Schools are ______ if they are staffed by people who only know about schools. A. disadvantageous B. inferior C. faulty D. handicapped 

14. . One third of the Chinese in the V.S. live in California, _______ in San Francisco. A. dominantly B. perpetually C. predominantly D. practically 

15.  He lifted the heavy weight, but it was the greatest _____ he had ever made. A. strength B. force C. effort D. energy 

16.  When light illuminates an object, part of it is absorbed and part reflected, the _____ lightness of an object depends on the proportion of light that is reflected. A. denoted B. embodied C. insulated D. perceived 

17.  An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will ______ through the cultural law system in Japan. A. permeate B. probe C. violate D. elaborate

18.  Many pare metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other ________ . A. bruises B. blunders C. handicaps D. drawbacks 

19.  Here is _______ of our product. You can take it home and try it. A. an example B. a sample C. a model D. a specimen

20.  The lawyer advised him to drop the ______, since he stands little chance to win. A. event B. incident C. case D. affair 

参考答案与讲析： 

1. 答案为A。A. brush up：复习 B. make up：构成，弥补，编造 C. hurry up：赶快 D. pick up：拣起，拾起 

2. 答案为A。A. be entitled to：对…享有权利 B. be involved in：被卷入，陷入 C. be associated with：与…联系在一起 D. be assigned to：分配 

3. 答案为B。A. response：反应，答复 B. sentiment：意见，情绪 C. affection：喜爱，热爱 D. sympathy：同情，怜悯 

4. 答案为C。A. project：计划，规划 B. reject：抛弃，拒绝 C. infect：注射，打针 D. eject：逐出，驱逐

5. 答案为D。 A. soften：变软 B. melt：使融化，溶解 C. dissolve：分解，溶解 D. fuse：（金属）熔化 

6. 答案为A。A. decline：下降，减少 B. lessen：（数量、程度）减少 C. descend：（位置）下降 D. slip：滑倒 

7. 答案为D：A. tremendous：巨大的 B. demanding：要求高的 C. intensive：加强的，集中的 D. overwhelming：压倒的，势不可挡的

8. 答案为A。A. obscure：晦涩和，难懂的 B. objective：客观的 C. obliging：乐于助人的 D. obstacle：障碍

9. 答案为B。A. exhaustion：用光，用尽，疲惫 B. expenditure：花费 C. allowance：津贴，补贴 D. ownership：所有，所有人 

10．答案为B。A. representation：陈述，叙述（指对某种艺术形式，如绘画、小说、雕塑等主题表现的阐述） B. presentation：讲述，描驸，演出 C. comment（on）: 对…的评论 D. memoranda：备忘录 

11答案为B。 A. part：部分 B. portion：部分，比例 C. section：（切割、分离成的）部分，如指书、文章的某一部分 D. share：分享，分担的一部分 

12. 答案为B。A. interior：内部的 B. inherent：固有的，与生俱来的 C. inside：在内部的，同内部的 D. inner：内部的，里面的 

13. 答案为D。 A. disadvantageous：不利的 B. inferior：次等的 C. faulty：有毛病的，有错误的 D. handicapped：有缺陷的 

14. 答案为C。A. dominantly：有统治权地，占优势地 B. perpetually：永久地 C. predominantly：主要地，占多数地 D. practically：实际地，几乎 

15. 答案为C。A. strength：力量，力气 B. force：力，外力 C. effort：努力 D. energy：精力 

16. 答案为D。A. denoted：所指的 B. embodied：体现出来的 C. insulated：绝缘的 D. perceived：觉察到的 

17. 答案为A。A. permeate：遍布，渗入 B. probe：探查，查究 C. violate：违反 D. elaborate：详细说明 

18. 答案为D。A. bruises：青肿，擦伤 B. blunders：疏忽，愚蠢的 C. handicaps：残疾 D. drawbacks：弊端，缺点 

19. 答案为B。A. example：例子 B. sample：样品 C. model：类型，型号 D. specimen：标本

20. 答案为C. A. event：（重要、有意思或不寻常）事件 B. incident：事故，事件 C. case：案例，病例 drop the case 撤诉 D. affair：事物，事件 

      大学英语六级词汇精讲（四） 　 

1. We should make a clear _____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion. A. distinction B. discrimination C. deviation D. separation

2.  Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into ______ ones. A. tragic B. turbulent C. vulnerable D. suspicious 

3.  I was deeply impressed by the hostess' ________ and enjoyed the dinner party very much. A.hostility B. indignation C. hospitality D. humanity

4. . All imaginative _______ is a reflection of the real world. A. invention B. creation C. discovery D. illusion 

5.  Two discussions from different points of view may ______ each other. A. complexion B. compliment C. appendix D. complement 

6.  Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ______ on earth rather than on Mars. A. configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination [CET-6, 2000, 6] 

7.  The library has a vital role in our search for knowledge. It serves as a workshop for the entire college or university, students and ______ alike. A. executives B. faculty C. crew D. staffs

8.  In general, matters which l

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英译汉的应试指导

ie entirely within state borders are the ______ concern of state government. A. extinct B. excluding C. excessive D. exclusive [CET-6, 1997, 1] 

9.  The old sailor had never studied navigation, but he had good _____ knowledge of it. A. periodical B. tropical C. empirical D. vertical 

10.  He _______ the truth at last by questioning all the bots in the school. A. caused B. resulted C. aroused D. elicited 

11.  The new secretary has written a remarkably ______ report only in a few pages but with all the details. A. concise B. clear C. precise D. elaborate 

12.  The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of _______. A. impulse B. disposition C. insanity D. inspiration [CET-6, 2001, 1] 

13.  The two playwrights worked in close ______ with each other on the script. A. collaboration B. circulation C. coalition D. inspiration 

14.  The police stopped me the other day as I was driving home, because I was ______ the speed limit. A. transcending B. exceeding C. surpassing D. overtaking

15.  Some people are more _____ to sea-sickness. A. inclined B. liable C. likely D. apt 

16.  I think she hurt my feeling ______ rather than by accident as she claimed. A. virtually B. deliberately C. literally D. appropriated [CET-6, 1997, 1] 

17.  Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately _______, and still others are supported by religious organizations. A. ensured B. attributed C. authorized D. endowed

18.  Parents take a great interest in the _____ questions raised by their children. A. nasty B. naive C. obscure D. offensive 

19.  He is well _______ with the history of the company. A. blessed B. conformed C. complied D. acquainted 

20.  He wrote to me last week regarding a teaching _____ he thought might interest me. A. profession B. proportion C. provision D. proposition 

参考答案及精讲分析： 

1. 答案为A。A. distinction：区别，个性，分别，不同 B. discrimination： 区别，辨别，歧视 C. deviation：偏离，偏差 D. separation：分离，分开 

2. 答案为B。A. tragic：悲惨的，悲剧的 B. turbulent：混乱的，不宁的 C. vulnerable：易伤害的 D. suspicious：可疑的，怀疑的 

3. 答案为C。A.hostility：敌意，恶意 B. indignation：愤怒，生气 C. hospitality：盛情，热情 D. humanity：仁慈，富有人性 

4. .答案B。A.invention：发明 B. creation：创造，（创造的）作品 C.discovery：发现 D. illusion：错觉，幻觉 

5.  答案为D。A. complexion：面色，气色，肤色 B. compliment：赞扬，恭维 C.appendix：附录 D. complement：补色，补足

6.  答案为B。A. configuration：构造，配置，地形 B. constitution：结构我， 构成，组成 C. condemnation：谴责，判刑 D. contamination：污染，弄脏 

7.  答案为B。A. executive：行政管理人员 B.facilty：教师（总称） C. crew：全体（船员）机组成员 D. staff：成员（总称） 

8. 答案为D。A. extinct：灭种的，灭绝的 B. excluding ：不包括在内的 C. excessive ：过分的，过多的 D. exclusive：独享的，排外的

9. 答案为C。A. periodical：（定期出版的）杂志，期刊，周期性的 B. tropical：热带的 C. empirical：以经验（或观察）为依据的，经验的 D. vertical：垂直的 

10. 答案为D. A. cause：引起 cause to do B. resulte（in）:引起 C. arouse：唤醒，唤起 D. elicit：诱出，探出 

11. 答案为A。A. concise ：简明的 B. clear：清楚的 C. precise：准确的 D. elaborate：详尽的 

12. 答案为C。A. impulse：冲动 B. disposition：气质，天性，性情 C. insanity：有精神病的 D. inspiration：灵感，激励 

13. 答案为A。 A. collaboration：合作，协作 B. criculation：循环，流通 C. coalition：同盟，联合 D. inspiration：概念，设想 

14. 答案为B。 A. transcend：指明显超出了某种惯常界限标准或程度 B.exceed：指数字、程度等超出一定界限，限度 C.surpass：（竞赛时）超过 （某人） D. overtake：追上，赶上 

15. 答案为B。A. incline：倾向，想要 B. liable：容易遭受的，易承受的 C. likely：指在将来某一特定情形下某事可能会了生 D. apt：易于…的， 有…倾向的，暗示一种固有的或习惯的倾向，如：意向，爱好和性情 

16. 答案为B。A. virtually：实质上，实际上 B. deliberately：故意地 C. literally：确实地。不加夸张地，逐字地 D. appropriated ：恰如其分地 

17. 答案为D。A. ensure：保证，确保 B. attribute：把…归因于 C. authorize：授权，委托 D. endow：捐赠（基金），资助 

18. 答案为B。A. nasty：难闻的。令人不快的 B. naive ：天真的 C. obscure：模糊不清的 D. offensive：使人讨厌的 

19. 答案为D。A. bless：（with）：使有幸得到 B. conform（with）：遵守， 适应 C. comply(with):顺从，依从 D. acquaint(with): 使认识，使熟悉 

20. 答案为D。A. profession：职业 B. proportion：比例，部分 C. provision：供应 D. proposition：建议 

学英语六级词汇精讲（五） 

1. I feel greatly _______ by your invitation to address the meeting. A. flattered B. fluttered C. clattered D. scattered 

2.  At the end of the match the ______ went wild with excitement. A. audience B. viewers C. listeners D. spectators 

3.  I hope that you’ll be more careful in tying the letter. Don’t _____ anything. A. lack B. withdraw C. omit D. leak

4.  The world’s governments have done ______ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents. A. inherently B. vitally C. virtually D. identically [CET-6, 1995, 1] 

5.  The directions we were given were so ______ that we lost our way. A. dim B. indefinite C. feeble D. shady 

6.  The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man’s ______, but in vain. A. mistake B. guilt C. fault D. defeat [CET-6, 1996, 1] 

7.  We should hand down a cultural ____ to posterity. A. m